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¿Renta Mínima o Mínimo Vital? Un Análisis sobre los Efectos Redistributivos de Posibles Reformas del Sistema Impositivo Español

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  • Xisco Oliver
  • Amedeo Spadaro

Abstract

Durante los últimos 20 años, el sistema redistributivo español ha sufrido grandes cambios. En 1999, el Partido Popular introdujo una nueva Ley y el debate académico y político sobre sus efectos sobre la igualdad y la eficiencia aún está abierto. En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar los efectos redistributivos de diferentes escenarios impositivos, gracias al uso de un modelo de microsimulación. Utilizaremos como escenario base el sistema vigente en 1999 y lo compararemos con el sistema de 1998. Además, analizaremos dos reformas basadas en un tipo único, una de ellas utilizando un renta mínima y la otra utilizando un mínimo vital. Finalmente, nos centraremos en los efectos de algunas de las propuestas contenidas en un informe del Partido Socialista (PSOE, 2002). El análisis redistributivo se ha realizado usando los índices de desigualdad y progresividad estándar (coeficiente de Gini, índice de Atkinson, Entropía, Kakwani y Reynolds-Smolensky). Tal y como cabía esperar, los resultados de nuestro trabajo parecen indicar que el escenario basado en un una renta mínima y un tipo único tiene un gran impacto redistributivo comparado con el basado en un mínimo vital y un tipo único. Lo interesante es que, comparado con el sistema fiscal actual, el coste de dicha reforma no es demasiado elevado en términos de presión fiscal. El tipo único dependerá de la cantidad de renta mínima que se entrega a cada individuo, pero con un tipo único entorno a un 25%-30% es posible lograr un gran impacto redistributivo, sobretodo para los hogares situados en las decilas inferiores de la distribución. En todo caso, todos los resultados deben ser considerados con precaución debido a los supuestos simplificadores realizados, entre los que destaca la falta de reacciones de comportamiento de los individuos ante cambios en el sistema fiscal.

Suggested Citation

  • Xisco Oliver & Amedeo Spadaro, 2003. "¿Renta Mínima o Mínimo Vital? Un Análisis sobre los Efectos Redistributivos de Posibles Reformas del Sistema Impositivo Español," DEA Working Papers 1, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament d'Economía Aplicada.
  • Handle: RePEc:ubi:deawps:1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bourguignon F & O'donoghue C & Sastre-descals J & Spadaro A & Utili F, 1998. "Technical Description of Eur3: A Prototype European Tax-Benefit Model," Microsimulation Unit Research Notes MU/RN/25, Microsimulation Unit at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    2. Bourguignon, F. & O'Donoghue, C. & Sastre-Descals, J. & Spadara, A. & Utili, F., 1997. "Eur3: A Prototype European Tax-Benefit Model," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9723, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marta González-Torrabadella & Josep Pijoan-Mas, 2006. "Flat tax reforms: a general equilibrium evaluation for Spain," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 30(2), pages 317-351, May.
    2. José Labeaga & Xisco Oliver & Amedeo Spadaro, 2008. "Discrete choice models of labour supply, behavioural microsimulation and the Spanish tax reforms," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 6(3), pages 247-273, September.
    3. Xisco Oliver Rullán & Amedeo Spadaro, 2004. "Are Spanish governments really averse to inequality? a normative analysis using the 1999 Spanish tax reform," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 28(3), pages 551-566, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Microsimulation; Spanish Personal Income Tax; Redistribution; Income Inequality.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household

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