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La part des nouveaux emplois crees au Canada par les petites entreprises est-elle disproportionnee? Reevaluation des faits

Author

Listed:
  • Picot, Garnett
  • Dupuy, Richard
  • Baldwin, John R.

Abstract

L'observation statistique selon laquelle les petites entreprises ont cree la majorite des nouveaux emplois au cours des annees 1980 a eu une incidence enorme sur la politique officielle. Les gouvernements desireux de favoriser la croissance de l'emploi se sont tournes vers le secteur des petites entreprises et ont preconise l'adoption de politiques visant a accroitre l'expansion de ce secteur. Toutefois, selon des recherches recentes realisees aux Etats-Unis, la creation nette d'emplois dans le secteur des petites entreprises a peut-etre ete surestimee, par rapport a la creation nette d'emplois dans les grandes entreprises. Le present document aborde les diverses questions relatives aux methodes de mesure utilisees, soulevees dans ces etudes recentes et, a l'aide d'un ensemble de donnees longitudinal unique qui porte sur toutes les entreprises de l'economie canadienne, reevalue la question de la creation d'emplois selon la taille de l'entreprise. Nous concluons qu'au cours de la periode allant de 1978 a 1992, pour l'ensemble de l'economie marchande au Canada comme pour le secteur manufacturier, il existe une relation monotone decroissante entre le taux de croissance (nette) de l'emploi et la taille des entreprises, et ce quelle que soit la methode de mesure utilisee pour determiner la taille des entreprises. Au secteur des petites entreprises correspond une part disproportionnee des gains bruts et des pertes brutes d'emplois et, apres agregation, une part disproportionnee de l'augmentation du nombre d'emplois au cours de la periode. Toutefois, la methode de mesure utilisee est importante, puisque l'importance de la difference dans les taux de croissance entre les petites et les grandes entreprises varie fortement selon la methode de mesure utilisee. Nous presentons aussi les resultats observes pour divers secteurs d'activite et nous nous demandons si les resultats constates pour l'ensemble de l'economie sont attribuables a la croissance plus rapide dans les secteurs comprenant une forte proportion de petites entreprises. En outre, nous examinons la croissance de l'emploi dans les petites et grandes entreprises existantes (c'est-a-dire en excluant les nouvelles entreprises) et constatons que la croissance de l'emploi pour l'ensemble des petites et grandes entreprises existantes est fort similaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Picot, Garnett & Dupuy, Richard & Baldwin, John R., 1994. "La part des nouveaux emplois crees au Canada par les petites entreprises est-elle disproportionnee? Reevaluation des faits," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1994071f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:1994071f
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    File URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/catalogue/11F0019M1994071
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Davis, Steven J & Haltiwanger, John & Schuh, Scott, 1996. "Small Business and Job Creation: Dissecting the Myth and Reassessing the Facts," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 297-315, August.
    2. Baldwin, John & Picot, Garnett, 1995. "Employment Generation by Small Producers in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 7(4), pages 317-331, August.
    3. Steven J. Davis & John Haltiwanger, 1992. "Gross Job Creation, Gross Job Destruction, and Employment Reallocation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(3), pages 819-863.
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    1. Baldwin, John R. Gellatly, Guy, 2006. "Capacités d'innovation : le capital de savoir, gage de survie et de croissance des entreprises," L'économie canadienne en transition 2006013f, Statistics Canada, Division de l'analyse économique.
    2. Gellatly, Guy & Baldwin, John R., 1998. "La haute technologie est-elle l'exclusivite des entreprises ou peut-elle s'appliquer a l'ensemble d'un secteur d'activite? Donnees recueillies aupres des nouvelles entreprises axees sur la technologie," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1998120f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    3. Picot, Garnett & Baldwin, John R., 1994. "Les creations d'emplois par les petits producteurs du secteur manufacturier canadien," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1994070f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    4. Baldwin, John R., 1999. "Un portrait des entrees et des sorties," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1999121f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    5. Frédéric Boccara, 1998. "Emploi : mythe des PME et réalités des groupes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 137-161.

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