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Las Instituciones Económicas en la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Antonio Morales

    (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana)

Abstract

En este documento se analiza la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado boliviana (NCPE) desde el punto de vista de la nueva economía institucional. La NCPE fija las reglas para el establecimiento de una organización económica plural. A pesar de lo ecléctico de las disposiciones económicas que tienen cabida bajo el concepto de plural, se nota el predominio de las instituciones de fuerte dirigismo estatal, incluyendo la extensión de la propiedad estatal. Se privilegia también a las formas comunitarias de organización económica aunque no se precisan sus alcances. El modelo implícito en la NCPE de desarrollo económico está basado en el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales por el Estado. La NCPE trata de reconciliar este aprovechamiento con la preservación del medio ambiente por un lado y con los intereses particulares de las poblaciones indígenas afectadas, por otro, en línea con la recuperación de las identidades étnicas, que tiene una gran centralidad en la NCPE. Los derechos tradicionales de las constituciones republicanas si bien son incluidos en la NCPE, pasan empero a planos que los debilitan. Así sucede con el derecho a la propiedad privada, al que se le impone varias servidumbres y se le crean vulnerabilidades que lo hacen más contestable que en las anteriores constituciones. Prima facie, el debilitamiento de las instituciones de propiedad privada podría tener consecuencias negativas para el crecimiento de largo plazo de la economía boliviana, al desalentar la acumulación de capital físico y humano, así como el progreso técnico y el desarrollo de los mercados. Desde un punto de vista político, pero con implicaciones económicas, la NCPE sería la expresión de jure de la nueva distribución del poder político de facto que se ha dado en Bolivia desde principios del 2006. Es todavía prematuro pronunciarse sobre la estabilidad de dicha distribución política. Pero aún así, se puede anticipar que las consecuencias de largo plazo de instituciones poco favorables a una economía moderna de mercado serán muy importantes. Instituto de Investigaciones Socio - Económicas; IISEC

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Antonio Morales, 2009. "Las Instituciones Económicas en la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado," Documentos de trabajo 6/2009, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:iisecd:2009_006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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