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Gender patterns of EU exports: jobs and wage differentials

Author

Listed:
  • Zornitsa Kutlina-Dimitrova

    (DG Trade)

  • Pablo Piñero

    (DG Trade)

  • Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche

    (DG Trade)

Abstract

Our paper provides new insights into the gender specific dimension of extra-EU exports. In 2019, the employment of more than 14 million women depended on EU exports to the world. The female share of exports related jobs however stood at only 38%, almost unchanged from its previous level in 2010. While exploring the drivers behind this gender specific employment gap, we find out that women are predominantly employed in the provision of services that are less tradable. In fact, the share of female workers in least-tradable sectors (defined as a sectoral openness of less than 15%) is close to 80%. Furthermore, while exploring the gender specific wage premium gap at EU level, our results show that although women benefit from a wage premium of 8%, their male co-workers enjoy a markedly higher wage premium of 11% at EU level.

Suggested Citation

  • Zornitsa Kutlina-Dimitrova & Pablo Piñero & Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche, 2022. "Gender patterns of EU exports: jobs and wage differentials," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2022-1, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:dgtcen:2022_001
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. RUEDA CANTUCHE Jose & KUTLINA-DIMITROVA Zornitsa, 2021. "More crucial than ever: employment content of Extra-EU exports," JRC Research Reports JRC126043, Joint Research Centre.
    2. Marcel P. Timmer & Erik Dietzenbacher & Bart Los & Robert Stehrer & Gaaitzen J. Vries, 2015. "An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input–Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(3), pages 575-605, August.
    3. Iñaki Arto & José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche & Antonio F. Amores & Erik Dietzenbacher & Nuno Sousa & Letizia Montinari & Anil Markandya, 2015. "EU Exports to the World: Effects on Employment and Income," JRC Research Reports JRC93237, Joint Research Centre.
    4. Timmer, Marcel P. & Los, Bart & Stehrer, Robert & de Vries, Gaaitzen J., 2016. "An Anatomy of the Global Trade Slowdown based on the WIOD 2016 Release," GGDC Research Memorandum GD-162, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen.
    5. Zornitsa Kutlina-Dimitrova & José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche, 2021. "More important than ever: Employment content of extra-EU exports," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2021-2, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    6. Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche & Nuno Sousa, 2017. "Are EU exports gender-blind? Some key features of women participation in exporting activities in the EU," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2017-3, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    international trade; employment; multi-regional input-output tables; EU; gender; wages;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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