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Institutions and Economic Growth: Does Income Level Matter?

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  • Aziz, Nusrate
  • Ahmad, Ahmad H.

Abstract

This paper investigates whether a country’s level of income matters to the effectiveness of institutions in fostering economic growth. The institutional variables are represented by democracy, corruption levels, and armed conflicts. The countries in the data-set are divided into high-, middle- and low-income countries based on the World Bank criteria. The overall results indicate that institutional variables have offsetting effects on economic growth. The performance of these variables appears to have been influenced by the countries’ level of income. Labour, capital and human capital are found to be positive and significant variables for economic growth, irrespective of whether the countries are in high-, middle- and low-income groups. On the contrary, corruption affects GDP negatively in high- and middle-income groups, but positive, although insignificant in low-income countries. Democracy has a mixed effect on economic growth and largely negative in high- and low-income countries, but positive in middle-income group. Armed conflicts do not appear to have any statistically significant effect on high and middle-income countries’ economic growth. However, it has a significant negative effect on low-income countries’ economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Aziz, Nusrate & Ahmad, Ahmad H., 2018. "Institutions and Economic Growth: Does Income Level Matter?," MPRA Paper 83684, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:83684
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    Cited by:

    1. Najid Ahmad & Fredj Jawadi & Muhammad Azam, 2023. "Do Multi-Market Institutions and Renewable Energy Matter for Sustainable Development: A Panel Data Investigation," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(4), pages 1393-1411, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Institutions; income level; economic growth; panel study;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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