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Рыночные Механизмы Сокращения Выбросов Парниковых Газов И Активности И Перспективы России
[Market mechanisms of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and actions and perspectives of Russia]

Author

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  • Bukvić, Rajko

Abstract

English Abstract. This article considers the problem of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, observed as one of the main anthropogenic causes of the increasing carbon concentration in the atmosphere, and consequently the global climate change. Until the Industrial Revolution, the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere amounted to 300 gigatonnes of carbon. The fight against atmosphere pollution goes in three directions: administrative regulations, a system of economic mechanisms and market relations building. In the second half of the XX century many schemes for involving the market mechanism in solving these problems were proposed. These efforts especially increased in the last decade of XX century and finally the Kyoto Protocol 1997 supported many flexible mechanisms (trade of quotas – cap and trade, joint implementation projects and clean development mechanisms), as a solution to these problems, which was explained in 2001 in Marrakesh. In spite of all these efforts, during the first period of its implementation (2008–2012) the emissions of carbon increased. This issue has been especially pronounced in Russia, one of the main global emitters. The paper explores the mechanisms and projects in Russia, and its importance for reducing the GHG emissions and fulfilling the commitments of Kyoto Protocol and other international documents. Today, the world “carbon” market is moving to the development of national, regional and sub-regional regulation systems while keeping its international level (system UNFCCC). The Doha Conference held in 2012 precised the conditions upon which the convention parties would define its climate policies in the next years. The leading tendency (transition to regional, sub-regional and national regulation systems) was maintained, as well as the “Kyoto” system, which in the new stage would play a transitional role on the road to a new expected global agreement. Russian Abstract. Статья рассматривает проблему сокращения выбросов парниковых газов (ПГ), считающихся одной из главных антропогенных причин роста концентрации углерода в атмосфере, и впоследствии глобальных климатических перемен. С времени Индустриальной революции эмиссия ПГ в атмосферу достигла 300 гигатонн углерода. Борьба с атмосферным загрязнением пока шла тремя путями: административное регулирование, система экономических механизмов и формирование рыночных отношений. Во второй половине 20 века для решения проблем были предложены многие схемы создания рыночного механизма, считающегося более подходящим во многих отношениях. Эти усилия особенно увеличились в последнем десятилетии 20 века, и наконец Киотский протокол в 1997 году поддержал несколько так называемых гибких механизмов: торговля квотами (квотирование и торговля), проекты совместного осуществления и механизмы чистого развития, которые были разработаны в 2001 году в Марракеше. Но, несмотря на все эти усилия, в течение первого периода их применения (2008–2012), выбросы углерода в атмосферу возросли. Эти вопросы являются особенно важным в России, одном из крупнейших эмиттеров ПГ. Статья рассматривает также механизмы и проекты в России, и их важность для сокращения ПГ выбросов и выполнение обязательств из Киотского протокола и других международных документов. В настоящее время мировой «углеродный» рынок идёт к развитию национальных, региональных и субрегиональных систем регулирования, но при сохранении международного сегмента (системы РКИК ООН). Конференция в Дохе в 2012 году дополнила и уточнила те условия, в которых Стороны Конвенции, будут выстраивать свою климатическую политику в следующие годы. Ведущая тенденция (перенос акцентов на региональные, субрегиональные и национальные системы регулирования) сохранилась, но сохранилась и «киотская» система, которая на новом этапе будет играть роль переходной на пути к новому ожидающемуся глобальному соглашению.)

Suggested Citation

  • Bukvić, Rajko, 2015. "Рыночные Механизмы Сокращения Выбросов Парниковых Газов И Активности И Перспективы России [Market mechanisms of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and actions and perspectives of Russia]," MPRA Paper 71616, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:71616
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    greenhouse gases (GHG); anthropogenic impact; the Kyoto Protocol; carbon markets; flexible mechanisms; Russian actions (парниковые газы; антропогенные влияния; Киотский протокол; рынки углерода; гибкие механизмы; активности России);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • K32 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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