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Distributional Welfare Impact of the 2013 Adjustment of Tax-Free Income Threshold in Indonesia: A CGE Simulation

Author

Listed:
  • Amir, Hidayat
  • Hewings, Geoffrey J.D.

Abstract

A tax-free threshold, the level of income that the tax rate is zero, in Indonesian tax system is initially motivated by equity principle. The government of Indonesia periodically adjusts the tax-free threshold to keep the purchasing power of the low-income household’s group. Within the last decade, there were three times adjustment in 2006, 2009, and the last started effectively implemented in January 2013. The magnitude of the last adjustment is relatively high, the tax-free threshold increased by 53.4%. The policy objective is not only to protect the poor from paying tax but also to stimulate the economic growth through consumption. This study analyses the impact of the 2013 tax-free threshold adjustment with the main focus on the distributional welfare impact using an integrated multi-households computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The model’s database consolidated from three key data sources: (a) the 2008 Indonesian Input-Output Table; (b) the 2008 Indonesian Social Accounting Matrix; and (c) the 2008 National Socioeconomic Survey.

Suggested Citation

  • Amir, Hidayat & Hewings, Geoffrey J.D., 2013. "Distributional Welfare Impact of the 2013 Adjustment of Tax-Free Income Threshold in Indonesia: A CGE Simulation," MPRA Paper 68571, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:68571
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68571/1/MPRA_paper_68571.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amir, Hidayat & Asafu-Adjaye, John & Ducpham, Tien, 2013. "The impact of the Indonesian income tax reform: A CGE analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 492-501.
    2. Ikhsan, Mohamad & Trialdi, Ledi & Syahrial, Syarif, 2005. "Indonesia's new tax reform: Potential and direction," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 1029-1046, December.
    3. Jens Matthias Arnold, 2012. "Improving the Tax System in Indonesia," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 998, OECD Publishing.
    4. Arief Anshory Yusuf & Djoni Hartono & Wawan Hermawan & Yayan, 2008. "AGEFIS:Applied General Equilibrium for FIScal Policy Analysis," Working Papers in Economics and Development Studies (WoPEDS) 200807, Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University, revised Oct 2008.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hidayat Amir & Ferry Irawan & Djoni Hartono & Anda Nugroho, 2015. "The Development of Fiscal Social Accounting Matrix for Indonesia," Working Papers in Economics and Business 201506, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised Oct 2015.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    GE model; tax-free threshold; welfare;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C6 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

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