Gobernanza de la IA como infraestructura económica: riesgos sistémicos, intermediación institucional y confianza en los mercados[AI governance as economic infrastructure: systemic risks, institutional intermediation and market trust]

This article, developed by the Colombian Association of Artificial Intelligence (ACIA), analyzes artificial intelligence (AI) governance as an emerging form of economic infrastructure capable of transforming markets, institutions, and decision-making processes. Although AI enables the automation of complex tasks and can generate significant efficiency gains, its adoption continues to face technical, institutional, and regulatory challenges. The study examines how AI is reshaping public administration, financial markets, and business organization through the progressive transfer of decision-making capabilities to algorithmic systems. To this end, it reviews international governance frameworks, including the OECD AI Principles and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, assessing their limitations in relation to complex economic environments and the Colombian context. Financial markets are used as a case study to analyze the benefits, risks, and dynamics of institutional adoption associated with AI, including phenomena such as strategic mimicry and inefficiencies arising from the fear of technological obsolescence. The analysis of the Colombian case, including CONPES 4144, suggests that AI adoption in critical sectors requires effective governance capabilities, such as algorithmic auditing, traceability, and interoperability. The article concludes that trust in markets and technological sovereignty will depend on institutional capacity to supervise and respond to increasingly autonomous algorithmic systems.