Políticas de transformación digital y desarrollo del sistema productivo ampliado en Ecuador: de las políticas de primera generación a una agenda de segunda generación[Digital transformation policies and expanded productive system development in Ecuador: from first-generation policies to a second-generation agenda]

Ecuador faces significant limitations in technological infrastructure and exhibits low levels of digital maturity among its firms. Public policy efforts have been constrained by a complex socioeconomic context and persistent institutional challenges, resulting in discontinuities in policy implementation. This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyze the principal economic policies implemented in the field of digital transformation during the 2016–2024 period, and (ii) to propose a digital transformation agenda for the expanded productive sector. The methodology is based on an in-depth literature review and the quantification of variables related to digital transformation, complemented by the application of a typology distinguishing between first- and second-generation policies. The findings indicate that Ecuador has developed a broad set of policy initiatives aimed at promoting the digital transformation of its productive sector; however, these initiatives are largely grounded in first-generation policies—primarily laws, regulations, and strategic plans—whose impact on the transformation of the productive system has been limited.