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Financing Climate Change by Indian States: Progress and Prospects

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  • MUKHERJEE, Atri
  • Behera, Samir Ranjan
  • Yadav, Kovuri Akash
  • Saha, Debapriya

Abstract

Climate change presents a growing threat to India's macro-financial outlook, with significant implications at the subnational level. This study compiles the data on climate-related expenditure by 31 Indian States and Union Territories from 2004-05 to 2022-23. The State governments, on an average, spend 1.1 per cent of their GSDP and 7.3 per cent of total expenditure on climate-related activities. A dynamic panel regression identifies fiscal capacity, intergovernmental transfers, and expenditure persistence as key determinants of climate spending of States, whereas climate vulnerability plays a limited role. The paper also reviews the current sources of climate financing of the States and explores the opportunities to scale up financing through various alternative channels. It underscores the need for strengthening institutional capacity and use of strategic fiscal tools to enhance climate responsiveness of States.

Suggested Citation

  • MUKHERJEE, Atri & Behera, Samir Ranjan & Yadav, Kovuri Akash & Saha, Debapriya, 2025. "Financing Climate Change by Indian States: Progress and Prospects," MPRA Paper 126438, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:126438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
    • H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
    • H76 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Other Expenditure Categories
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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