Экстерналии Политики Санкционного Давления И Ее Последствия Для Развития Российского Малого И Среднего Бизнеса[Externalities of the of sanctions pressure policy and its consequences for the development of Russian small and medium business]

Objective: to analyze the impact of the externalities of the policy of sanctions pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises and develop specific proposals that allow them to adapt to the conditions of uncertainty. Methods: general scientific methods of systemic, structural and comparative analysis, as well as specific scientific methods (static and graphical analysis, expert assessments). Results: Analysis of the externalities of the policy of sanctions pressure, which significantly affected the activities of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises has been made. The special role of this sector in eliminating disproportions in the country's economy in the face of a difficult geopolitical situation and economic instability has been indicated. It is proposed to study the tools for adapting small businesses to the above conditions, taking into account the systemic classification of enterprises in the SME sector, which consists in dividing firms into three categories (“children”, “genetic dwarfs”, “transformers”) and three subgroups (“travelers”, “reorganizers”, "imago"); their key functions are defined and adaptation tools for each category of enterprises are identified. Forecast trends in the development of small and medium-sized firms for the near future are formulated. Based on the analysis of externalities, the author proposes measures to increase the adaptability of enterprises in the studied segment of the economy, which can be used both by representatives of the business community and government agencies. Scientific novelty: it is proposed to explore ways of adapting small and medium-sized businesses to the externalities of the policy of sanctions restrictions, taking into account the systemic classification of enterprises in the SME sector, which made it possible to develop recommendations for improving the adaptability of small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account their characteristics. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the educational process of educational institutions; in scientific activities for the development of academic competencies on the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises; in the work of organizations that make up the infrastructure for the development and support of SMEs; and contributes to the study of ways and strategies for adapting entrepreneurship in the face of exogenous shocks.