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Identifying determinants of ecological footprints: A novel application of latent growth curve models (LGM)

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  • Beltrán-Hernández, Andrés

    (Universidad Católica del Norte)

  • Lufin, Marcelo

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of ecological footprint growth trajectories in 112 countries (2004–2017) using latent growth curve models (LGM). Unlike traditional panel methods, LGM captures dynamic trends and country-level heterogeneity in environmental impact over time. The approach integrates economic, institutional, and socio-geographic determinants into a unified causal framework. Results indicate that economic complexity mediates the relationship between economic growth and ecological footprint, promoting technological innovation and sustainable practices. Higher economic complexity also partially offsets environmental impacts from increased fossil fuel consumption. These findings underscore the need for policies fostering innovation, economic diversification, and sustainable urban planning to mitigate environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Beltrán-Hernández, Andrés & Lufin, Marcelo, 2026. "Identifying determinants of ecological footprints: A novel application of latent growth curve models (LGM)," SocArXiv swrv5_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:swrv5_v1
    DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/swrv5_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Popp, David, 2019. "Environmental Policy and Innovation: A Decade of Research," International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, now publishers, vol. 13(3-4), pages 265-337, September.
    2. David Popp, 2019. "Environmental policy and innovation: a decade of research," CESifo Working Paper Series 7544, CESifo.
    3. David Popp, 2019. "Environmental Policy and Innovation: A Decade of Research," NBER Working Papers 25631, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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