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Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI): Transport and Courier Services

Author

Listed:
  • Massimo Geloso Grosso

    (OECD)

  • Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås

    (OECD)

  • Asako Ueno

    (OECD)

  • Frédéric Gonzales

    (OECD)

  • Iza Lejárraga

    (OECD)

  • Sébastien Miroudot

    (OECD)

  • Dorothée Rouzet

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for transport and courier services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for transport and courier services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The STRI supports the view that these services are subject to very different regulatory frameworks and, in some cases, to a relatively elevated degree of regulation. Indices for air transport covering measures affecting commercial establishment and accompanying movement of natural persons are on average quite high (0.43), with little variation across countries. A preliminary assessment of restrictiveness in cross-border trade in the sector shows that, while some progress in easing restrictions has been achieved through open skies agreements, significant limitations remain in place. The maritime transport sector is moderately open with an average STRI of 0.25. Foreign equity restrictions are still quite common in the sector and contribute significantly to the index. Most other sector-specific restrictions are found in the cabotage market and in ports. In road freight transport, the results confirm that the domestic road freight transport regime has been significantly liberalised over the years, and currently commercial establishment in the sector is largely affected by horizontal measures. The overall level of restrictiveness is relatively low with an average of 0.16, but exhibits pretty large variation. With respect to rail freight, the STRI also supports the view that considerable reforms have been undertaken in the sector in the past decades. The average level of restrictiveness is moderate at 0.22, although two countries maintain a statutory state-owned monopoly, which implies that the sector is completely closed to foreign suppliers. Finally, for courier services the results show that the overall level of restrictiveness is moderate with a sample average of 0.26. There is, however, large variation in STRI indices among countries. The elevated levels of restrictiveness are found in countries where foreign equity restrictions or statutory monopolies exist.

Suggested Citation

  • Massimo Geloso Grosso & Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås & Asako Ueno & Frédéric Gonzales & Iza Lejárraga & Sébastien Miroudot & Dorothée Rouzet, 2014. "Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI): Transport and Courier Services," OECD Trade Policy Papers 176, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:traaab:176-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nd187r6-en
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Zongo, Amara, 2020. "The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Food Trade," MPRA Paper 101658, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Nilsson, Lars, 2019. "Reflections on the economic modelling of free trade agreements," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2019-2, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    5. Barbe, Andre & Chambers, Art & Khachaturian, Tamar & Riker, David, 2017. "Modeling Trade in Services: Multiple Modes, Barriers to Trade, and Data Limitations," Conference papers 332919, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    6. Masood, Maria, 2019. "New evidence on income and the geographical distribution of imports: The case of audiovisuals," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 717-734.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    courier services; regulation; services trade; services trade restrictions; transport services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • K33 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - International Law
    • L87 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Postal and Delivery Services
    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General
    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • L93 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Air Transportation

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