IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/elsaab/155-en.html

Migration as an Adjustment Mechanism in the Crisis? A Comparison of Europe and the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Julia Jauer

    (OECD)

  • Thomas Liebig

    (OECD)

  • John P. Martin

    (OECD)

  • Patrick Puhani

    (Leibniz Universität Hannover)

Abstract

The question of whether migration can be an equilibrating force in the labour market is an important criterion for an optimal currency area. It is of particular interest currently in the context of high and rising levels of labour market disparities, in particular within the Eurozone where there is no exchange-rate mechanism available to play this role. We shed some new light on this question by comparing pre- and post-crisis migration movements at the regional level in both Europe and the United States, and their association with asymmetric labour market shocks. We find that recent migration flows have reacted quite significantly to the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007 and to changes in labour market conditions, particularly in Europe. Indeed, in contrast to the pre-crisis situation and the findings of previous empirical studies, there is tentative evidence that the migration response to the crisis has been considerable in Europe, in contrast to the United States where the crisis and subsequent sluggish recovery were not accompanied by greater interregional labour mobility in reaction to labour market shocks. Our estimates suggest that, if all measured population changes in Europe were due to migration for employment purposes – i.e. an upper-bound estimate – up to about a quarter of the asymmetric labour market shock would be absorbed by migration within a year. However, in the Eurozone the reaction mainly stems from migration of third-country nationals. Even within the group of Eurozone nationals, a significant part of the free mobility stems from immigrants from third countries who have taken on the nationality of their Eurozone host country. La question de savoir si la migration peut être une force d'équilibre sur le marché du travail est un critère non négligeable pour l’optimisation d’une zone monétaire. Elle est particulièrement importante dans un contexte où les disparités du marché du travail connaissent des niveaux élevés et croissants, en particulier au sein de la zone euro où il n'existe pas de mécanisme de taux de change à même de jouer ce rôle. Nous espérons apporter un éclairage nouveau sur cette question en comparant les flux migratoires avant et après la crise au niveau régional en Europe et aux États-Unis , et leur combinaison avec les chocs asymétriques du marché du travail. Nous avons constaté que les flux migratoires récents ont réagi de manière assez significative aux élargissements de l'UE en 2004 et 2007 et aux changements du marché du travail, en particulier en Europe. En effet, contrairement à la situation qui prévalait avant la crise et aux résultats des études empiriques antérieures, il semblerait que la réponse de la migration à la crise ait été considérable en Europe, contrairement aux États-Unis où la crise et la faible reprise ultérieure n'ont pas été accompagnées par une plus grande mobilité interrégionale des travailleurs en réaction aux chocs du marché du travail. Nos estimations semblent suggérer que si tous les changements de population mesurés en Europe sont dus à la migration à des fins d'emploi - c'est à dire une estimation de la limite supérieure - jusqu'à environ un quart des chocs asymétriques du marché du travail seraient absorbés par la migration dans l'année. Cependant, dans la zone euro, cette réaction s'explique principalement par la migration de ressortissants de pays tiers. Même au sein du groupe des ressortissants de la zone euro, une partie importante des mouvements de libre circulation émanent de migrants de pays tiers ayant pris la nationalité de leur pays d'accueil de la zone euro.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Jauer & Thomas Liebig & John P. Martin & Patrick Puhani, 2014. "Migration as an Adjustment Mechanism in the Crisis? A Comparison of Europe and the United States," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 155, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:155-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb8p51gvhl-en
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    To our knowledge, this item is not available for download. To find whether it is available, there are three options:
    1. Check below whether another version of this item is available online.
    2. Check on the provider's web page whether it is in fact available.
    3. Perform a
    for a similarly titled item that would be available.

    Other versions of this item:

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alfonso Arpaia & Aron Kiss & Balazs Palvolgyi & Alessandro Turrini, 2016. "Labour mobility and labour market adjustment in the EU," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Jan Stráský, 2016. "Priorities for completing the European Union's Single Market," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1315, OECD Publishing.
    3. Berger, Johannes & Strohner, Ludwig, 2022. "Can labour mobility reduce imbalances in the euro area?," Research Papers 20, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
    4. Julia Jauer & Thomas Liebig & John P. Martin & Patrick A. Puhani, 2019. "Migration as an adjustment mechanism in the crisis? A comparison of Europe and the United States 2006–2016," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 32(1), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Joshua Aizenman, 2014. "The Eurocrisis: Muddling Through, or On the Way to a More Perfect Euro Union?," NBER Working Papers 20242, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Christopher L. House & Christian Proebsting & Linda L. Tesar, 2018. "Quantifying the Benefits of Labor Mobility in a Currency Union," NBER Working Papers 25347, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Florence Huart & Médédé Tchakpalla, 2019. "Labor Market Conditions and Geographic Mobility in the Eurozone," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 61(2), pages 263-284, June.
    8. repec:prg:jnlcfu:v:2021:y:2021:i:2:id:561 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Peter Huber, 2018. "The Role of Migration as Adjustment Mechanism in the Crisis and EMU," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 66(6), pages 1497-1508.
    10. Timo Mitze, 2019. "The migration response to local labour market shocks: Evidence from EU regions during the global economic crisis," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 81(2), pages 271-298, April.
    11. Ondřej Šíma, 2021. "The effect of the international movement of the factor of production (capital and labor) on the balance of primary incomes [Vliv mezinárodního pohybu výrobního faktoru kapitálu a práce na bilanci p," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2021(2), pages 27-45.
    12. Aparicio Fenoll, Ainoa & Kuehn, Zoë, 2016. "Education Policies and Migration across European Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 9755, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Enrico Marelli & Laura Resmini & Marcello Signorelli, 2014. "The Effects Of Inward Fdi On Regional Employment In Europe," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 8(1), pages 1-23, JUNE.
    14. Giovannini, Alessandro & Ioannou, Demosthenes & Stracca, Livio, 2022. "Public and private risk sharing: friends or foes? The interplay between different forms of risk sharing," Occasional Paper Series 295, European Central Bank.
    15. Vlassis Missos & Nikolaos Rodousakis & George Soklis, 2022. "On Measuring the Impact of Internal Devaluation in Greece: Poverty, Flexibility, Migration and Growthless Employment," World, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-14, May.
    16. Harald Oberhofer & Christian Glocker & Werner Hölzl & Peter Huber & Serguei Kaniovski & Klaus Nowotny & Michael Pfaffermayr & Monique Ebell & Nikolaos Kontogiannis, 2016. "Single Market Transmission Mechanisms Before, During and After the 2008-09 Crisis. A Quantitative Assessment," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 59156, August.
    17. Christopher House & Christian Proebsting & Linda Tesar, 2018. "The Benefits of Labor Mobility in a Currency Union," 2018 Meeting Papers 876, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    18. Hinte, Holger & Rinne, Ulf, 2017. "Fachkräfte gewinnen - Konzept für eine aktive deutsche Zuwanderungspolitik," IZA Research Reports 77, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Colombo, Emilio & Stanca, Luca, 2014. "Measuring the monetary value of social relations: A hedonic approach," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 77-87.
    20. Clemens, Marius, 2016. "Migration, Unemployment and the Business Cycle - A Euro Area Perspective," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145578, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    21. Nadia Granato & Anette Haas & Silke Hamann & Annekatrin Niebuhr, 2015. "The Impact Of Skill‐Specific Migration On Regional Unemployment Disparities In Germany," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 513-539, September.
    22. Giorgio Liotti & Salvatore Villani, 2014. "The equalising power of internal immigration and the desertification process of southern Italy," STUDI ECONOMICI, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(114), pages 51-77.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:155-en. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/eloecfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.