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The Comparative Impact of Cash Transfers and a Psychotherapy Program on Psychological and Economic Well-being

Author

Listed:
  • Johannes Haushofer
  • Robert Mudida
  • Jeremy P. Shapiro

Abstract

We study the economic and psychological effects of a USD 1076 PPP unconditional cash transfer, a five-week psychotherapy program, and the combination of both interventions among 5,756 individuals in rural Kenya. One year after the interventions, cash transfer recipients had higher consumption, asset holdings, and revenue, as well as higher levels of psychological well-being than control households. In contrast, the psychotherapy program had no measurable effects on either psychological or economic outcomes, both for individuals with poor mental health at baseline and others. The effects of the combined treatment are similar to those of the cash transfer alone.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Haushofer & Robert Mudida & Jeremy P. Shapiro, 2020. "The Comparative Impact of Cash Transfers and a Psychotherapy Program on Psychological and Economic Well-being," NBER Working Papers 28106, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28106
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    Cited by:

    1. Nilsson, Björn & Pougué Biyong, Clémence, 2025. "Hairdressers and well-being: Local services provision and mental health first response," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    2. Angelucci, Manuela & Bennett, Daniel M, 2021. "The Economic Impact of Depression Treatment in India," IZA Discussion Papers 14393, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Amaral, Sofia & Dinarte-Diaz, Lelys & Dominguez, Patricio & Perez-Vincent, Santiago M., 2024. "Helping families help themselves: The (Un)intended impacts of a digital parenting program," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    4. Roth, Christopher & Schwardmann, Peter & Tripodi, Egon, 2024. "Misperceived effectiveness and the demand for psychotherapy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    5. Brian Gill & others, "undated". "In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries," Mathematica Policy Research Reports ac30d0619fd64793b2e1b108d, Mathematica Policy Research.
    6. Michael Vlassopoulos & Abu Siddique & Tabassum Rahman & Debayan Pakrashi & Asad Islam & Firoz Ahmed, 2024. "Improving Women's Mental Health during a Pandemic," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 422-455, April.
    7. Calderone, Margherita & Fiala, Nathan & Melyoki, Lemayon Lemilia & Schoofs, Annekathrin & Steinacher, Rachel, 2022. "Making intense skills training work at scale: Evidence on business and labor market outcomes in Tanzania," Ruhr Economic Papers 950, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    8. Andersen, Asbjørn G. & Kotsadam, Andreas & Somville, Vincent, 2022. "Material resources and well-being — Evidence from an Ethiopian housing lottery," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    9. Christopher Roth & Peter Schwardmann & Egon Tripodi, 2024. "Depression Stigma," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 499, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    10. Hidrobo, Melissa & Karachiwalla, Naureen & Roy, Shalini, 2023. "The impacts of cash transfers on mental health and investments: Experimental evidence from Mali," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 608-630.
    11. Matías Mrejen & Rudi Rocha, 2021. "Hiring Mental Health Professionals: Evidence from a Large-Scale Primary Care Policy in Brazil," Institutional Studies 03, Instituto de Estudos para Políticas de Saúde.
    12. McGuire, Joel & Kaiser, Caspar & Bach-Mortensen, Anders, 2020. "The impact of cash transfers on subjective well-being and mental health in low- and middle- income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis," SocArXiv ydr54, Center for Open Science.
    13. Dorison, Charles A & Lerner, Jennifer S & Heller, Blake H & Rothman, Alexander J & Kawachi, Ichiro I & Wang, Ke & Rees, Vaughan W & Gill, Brian P & Gibbs, Nancy & Ebersole, Charles R & Vally, Zahir & , 2022. "In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits : Experimental evidence from 84 countries," Other publications TiSEM 235f67b6-6be5-4061-8693-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    14. Lang,Megan Elizabeth & Soule,Edward & Tinsley,Catherine H., 2023. "Psychology, Skills, or Cash ? Evidence on Complementary Investments for Anti-Poverty Programs," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10503, The World Bank.
    15. Siddique, Abu & Islam, Asad & Mozumder, Tanvir Ahmed & Rahman, Tabassum & Shatil, Tanvir, 2022. "Forced Displacement, Mental Health, and Child Development: Evidence from the Rohingya Refugees," SocArXiv b4fc7, Center for Open Science.
    16. Bau, Natalie & Khanna, Gaurav & Low, Corinne & Shah, Manisha & Sharmin, Sreyashi & Voena, Alessandra, 2022. "Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    17. Michelle Acampora & Francesco Capozza & Vahid Moghani, 2022. "Mental Health Literacy, Beliefs and Demand for Mental Health Support among University Students," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-079/I, Tinbergen Institute.
    18. Nathan Barker & Gharad Bryan & Dean Karlan & Angela Ofori-Atta & Christopher Udry, 2022. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among Ghana's Rural Poor Is Effective Regardless of Baseline Mental Distress," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 4(4), pages 527-545, December.
    19. repec:osf:socarx:ydr54_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Dominguez-Viera, Marcos E. & van den Berg, Marrit & Handgraaf, Michel & Donovan, Jason, 2023. "Influence of poverty concerns on demand for healthier processed foods: A field experiment in Mexico City," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    21. Galdo, Jose C. & Contreras, Cesar & Horna, Marjorie, 2025. "The Mental Health Effects of Living near Overburdened Hospitals During COVID-19 in Perú," IZA Discussion Papers 17662, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • D90 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - General
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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