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A SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) approach to the policy decision process

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  • Susana Santos

Abstract

Policy analysis and policy making are parts of the policy decision process for which working tools are needed. A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) consistent with the national accounts is presented at the level of a country, as a possible working tool intended to support that process. Such a framework will therefore consist of a SAM-based approach. On the one hand, it will involve the presentation of a numerical version of a SAM, constructed from national accounts adapted to the System of National Accounts (SNA). This numerical version will be shown as a device that makes it possible to take a snapshot of the reality under study. On the other hand, it will also involve the presentation of two algebraic versions, with which alternative scenarios will be defined for the measurement of policy impacts. One version will consist of accounting multipliers, and the other version will be a so-called master model. In the latter each cell will be defined with a linear equation or system of equations, whose components will be all the known and quantified transactions of the SNA, using the parameters deduced from the numerical SAM that served as the basis for this model. The national accounts will be adopted as the main source of information. The nominal flows that are representative of that part of a society’s activity that is measured by these accounts will be used to measure the network of linkages and interactions involving institutional sectors, production activities and products, as well as the factors that are involved in the production process. An application will be made of a SAM to the Portuguese case, with a comparison being made of the data obtained from the initial numerical SAM and the numerical versions replicated after running the SAM-based models that are representative of those two algebraic versions. Certain comments will be made about those aspects that are either not measured at all or are poorly measured, or else are not identified, and these will be considered as limitations affecting the work undertaken. Some guidelines will be defined for future research, designed to take the study of the SAM to a deeper level and to improve its use in establishing a suitable framework for explaining the reality of countries and supporting the policy decision process. JEL Classification: E61; E10; D57.

Suggested Citation

  • Susana Santos, 2012. "A SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) approach to the policy decision process," Working Papers Department of Economics 2012/28, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    • Handle: RePEc:ise:isegwp:wp282012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Susana Santos, 2009. "Using a Sam-Based Model to Measure the Distributional Impacts of Government Policies," Working Papers Department of Economics 2009/31, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    2. Pyatt, Graham, 1985. "Commodity Balances and National Accounts: A SAM Perspective," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 31(2), pages 155-169, June.
    3. Susana Santos, 2007. "Macro-SAMs for modelling purposes. An application to Portugal in 2003," Working Papers Department of Economics 2007/17, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    4. Santos, Susana, 2010. "A quantitative approach to the effects of social policy measures. An application to Portugal, using Social Accounting Matrices," MPRA Paper 23612, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Susana Santos, 2006. "Better policy analysis with better data. Constructing a Social Accounting Matrix from the European System of National Accounts," Working Papers Department of Economics 2006/22, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    6. Santos, Susana G., 2004. "Portuguese net borrowing and the government budget balance: A SAM approach," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 703-717, September.
    7. Susana Santos, 2007. "Modelling economic circuit flows in a social accounting matrix framework. An application to Portugal," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(14), pages 1753-1771.
    8. Jeffrey Round, 2003. "Constructing SAMs for Development Policy Analysis: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 161-183.
    9. Pyatt, Graham, 1991. "SAMs, the SNA and National Accounting Capabilities," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 37(2), pages 177-198, June.
    10. Graham Pyatt, 1999. "Some Relationships between T-Accounts, Input-Output Tables and Social Accounting Matrices," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 365-387.
    11. Susana SANTOS, 2008. "A SAM-based Model, Constructed from the SNA, to be Used for Studying the Distributional Impacts of Government Policies in Portugal," EcoMod2008 23800125, EcoMod.
    12. Susana Santos, 2011. "Constructing SAMs from the SNA," Working Papers Department of Economics 2011/18, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    13. Pyatt, Graham, 1988. "A SAM approach to modeling," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 327-352.
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    Cited by:

    1. Susana Santos, 2014. "Studying the informal aspects of the activity of countries with Social Accounting and Socio- Demographic Matrices," Working Papers Department of Economics 2014/17, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    2. Susana SANTOS, 2016. "The Informal Aspects of the Activity of Countries Studied Through Social Accounting and Socio-Demographic Matrices," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, KSP Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 49-78, March.
    3. Susana Santos & Mónica Magaua, 2021. "Revisiting the informal aspects of the activity of countries, studied through Social Accounting and Socio-Demographic Matrices, with an application to Mozambique," Working Papers REM 2021/0198, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    4. Santos, Susana, 2014. "Studying the Socio-Economics of Ageing using Social Accounting and Socio-Demographic Matrices. An application to Portugal," MPRA Paper 53858, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Santos, Susana, 2017. "An approach to the structural features of the socio-economic activity of a country based on a Social Accounting Matrix.Evidences and multiplier effects on distribution of income," MPRA Paper 79727, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Hidayat Amir & Ferry Irawan & Djoni Hartono & Anda Nugroho, 2015. "The Development of Fiscal Social Accounting Matrix for Indonesia," Working Papers in Economics and Business 201506, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised Oct 2015.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social Accounting Matrix; SAM-based Modelling; Macroeconomic Modelling; Policy Analysis.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E10 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - General
    • D57 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Input-Output Tables and Analysis

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