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La innovación en patrimonio cultural: un espacio de confluencia de diversas bases de conocimiento

Author

Listed:
  • Castro-Martínez,Elena
  • Fernández-Baca Casares,Román

Abstract

Diversos autores han reflexionado sobre los tipos de conocimientos que se transfieren e intercambian en los procesos de innovación y cómo esos diversos tipos dan lugar a estrategias diferenciadas por parte de las empresas, por más que se pueden encontrar similitudes entre las empresas de los diversos sectores empresariales. Estas estrategias diferenciadas también son importantes para orientar las políticas de fomento de la innovación, diferentes en función del tipo de sectores y de comportamientos que se pretendan promover en un territorio determinado. En este WP se estudian los procesos de innovación en el sector del patrimonio cultural, con especial hincapié en las bases de conocimiento presentes en él, que determinan el alcance de las innovaciones y los agentes que participan en esos procesos. Para ello, se analiza el papel del Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico (IAPH) en los procesos de innovación de este sector en Andalucía, región con un patrimonio histórico muy destacado, y sus interacciones con los diversos actores involucrados en la investigación, conservación y protección del patrimonio. La hipótesis es que el sector del patrimonio cultural precisa la incorporación de conocimientos de diversa naturaleza y que, en estas circunstancias y, dado que las empresas del sector son muy pequeñas, el IAPH desempeña, en el contexto de Andalucía, un papel destacado como centro difusor y dinamizador de conocimiento e innovación. El estudio muestra que el sector del patrimonio es un sector en el que confluyen los tres tipos de base de conocimiento identificados por Asheim y colaboradores (analítico, sintético y simbólico). La investigación en los diversos ámbitos científicos involucrados es fundamental, tanto para crear nuevo conocimiento que oriente sus diversas actividades y les permita desarrollar y aplicar los nuevos enfoques en la conservación del patrimonio, como para conocer en profundidad el contexto en el que se crearon las obras estudiadas y desarrollar habilidades técnicas y metodologías de utilidad en sus respectivos ámbitos profesionales. Por su parte, es un sector en el cual el conocimiento tácito es muy importante, por lo que la rápida evolución de las nuevas tecnologías âinstrumentación, tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones- que se pueden utilizar para mejorar las actividades ligadas a la conservación y valorización del patrimonio y su impacto hacen que centros como el IAPH tengan, entre sus misiones, la difusión a los actores de estos avances, lo que exige codificar el conocimiento, transformarlo en explícito, en forma de guías, metodologías, buenas prácticas, etc. Por otro lado, como el propio concepto de patrimonio es un constructo social, el conocimiento simbólico (importante en todos los ámbitos de la cultura) es aquí relevante y, además, en el centro se debe desarrollar un trabajo creativo en diversas actividades, por ejemplo, en las etapas de difusión social de sus actividades de conservación, con el fin de hacerlo más ameno y atractivo para los diversos públicos. Finalmente, en este sector es muy importante el saber quién, pues se trabaja en torno a proyectos en los que se deben incorporar los profesionales capaces de aportar el enfoque o los conocimientos requeridos en cada caso.

Suggested Citation

  • Castro-Martínez,Elena & Fernández-Baca Casares,Román, 2012. "La innovación en patrimonio cultural: un espacio de confluencia de diversas bases de conocimiento," INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) Working Paper Series 201207, INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), revised 21 Sep 2012.
  • Handle: RePEc:ing:wpaper:201207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • Q55 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation

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