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Clearing Houses and Patent Pools: Access to Genetic Patents

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  • Aoki, Reiko
  • 青木, 玲子
  • アオキ, レイコ

Abstract

We consider four institutions to facilitate access to patent, three types of clearing houses and patent pools, and identify characteristics that determine their success. We first regroup the four into "exchanges" and "collective rights organizations" (CRO). Network effect of exchanges means that a critical mass of members must be guaranteed for success. Among the two CROs, royalty collection clearing houses and patent pools, the striking difference is their stability. Royalty clearing houses impose negative externality on non-members which makes it easy to attract new members and makes them very stable. On the contrary, patent pools generate positive externality to non-members which makes them unstable.

Suggested Citation

  • Aoki, Reiko & 青木, 玲子 & アオキ, レイコ, 2007. "Clearing Houses and Patent Pools: Access to Genetic Patents," Discussion Paper 325, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    • Handle: RePEc:hit:piedp2:325
    Note: May 2006, Prepared for Workshop "Gene patents and clearing models", June 8-10 2006, Centre for Intellectual Property Rights, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kleit, Andrew N, 2000. "ASCAP Versus BMI (Versus CBS): Modeling Competition between and Bundling by Performance Rights Organizations," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(4), pages 579-590, October.
    2. Hollander, Abraham, 1984. "Market structure and performance in intellectual property : The case of copyright collectives," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 199-216, September.
    3. Aoki, Reiko & Nagaoka, Sadao, 2004. "The Consortium Standard and Patent Pools," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 55(4), pages 345-357, October.
    4. Jean‐Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 2006. "Two‐sided markets: a progress report," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 37(3), pages 645-667, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. DUAN Yuzhen & SONG Wei & PENG Xiaobao & ZHOU Haibin & LEI lei, 2013. "Patent pool analysis based on technical standards: A case study of indigenous alliances in China," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 3(2), pages 7-24, February.

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