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Compétitivité des territoires et stratégies de localisation des entreprises : les heurts de la mondialisation

Author

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

La France comme d'autres pays développés connaît une dégradation de sa compétitivité qui se traduit par un déficit croissant de ses échanges extérieurs et des délocalisations. Comme d'autres pays développés, elle fait face à un double défi : celui lancé par les pays émergents qui bénéficient de larges avantages de coût et celui lancé par des pays développés au premier rang desquels l'Allemagne dont les entreprises pallient l'atonie de leur demande interne en conquérant des marchés extérieurs. La théorie du commerce international et la théorie de la localisation, mais aussi l'expérience, nous enseignent que la restauration de sa compétitivité suppose que davantage d'entreprises s'engagent plus intensément dans la R&D et dans l'internationalisation de leurs activités en exportant plus et en investissant et en externalisant davantage à l'extérieur. Le succès de cette stratégie reste toutefois étroitement subordonné à la capacité des pays développés à relancer de manière coordonnée leurs demandes internes respectives, gage de l'obtention de gains mutuels et équitables.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2011. "Compétitivité des territoires et stratégies de localisation des entreprises : les heurts de la mondialisation," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-01024497, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01024497
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01024497v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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