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Variabilité spatiale et temporelle du taux d'emploi des femmes en Afrique Subsaharienne : que racontent les données des EDS

Author

Listed:
  • A. D. Dzossa

    (Institut national de la statistique, Cameroun)

  • Mathias Kuepié

    (LISER - Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research)

  • Anne-Sophie Robilliard

    (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Les études sur la variabilité temporelle et spatiale de la participation des femmes au marché dutravail restent rares en Afrique subsaharienne. L'étude fait recours aux méthodes derégression à effets fixes-pays et aux régressions en différences premières, puisque menée àpartir de 86 bases de données des enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) collectées dans26 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne constituant un panel non cylindré sur la période 1990-2013.Les résultats obtenus permettent d'une part de confirmer un fait stylisé : bien que ces tauxsoient élevés en moyenne au niveau de l'Afrique subsaharienne, ils varient trèssignificativement dans l'espace notamment selon la sous-région, le pays, le milieu de résidence.L'évolution temporelle des taux d'emploi est néanmoins peu marquée sur la périodeconsidérée. Concernant les déterminants, il en ressort plutôt une relation négative entre lelogarithme du PIB/tête et le taux d'emploi des femmes, au lieu d'une relation en U obtenue parplusieurs auteurs. L'analyse au niveau intra suggère également une relation positive forte entrele taux d'emploi des femmes et le ratio de dépendance, et une relation positive moins forteentre le taux d'emploi des femmes et la fécondité (ISF), résultats qui, a priori, vont à l'encontrede la théorie du dividende démographique mais qu'il importe d'approfondir en prenant encompte les caractéristiques susceptibles d'expliquer à la fois le taux d'emploi des femmes et leratio de dépendance.

Suggested Citation

  • A. D. Dzossa & Mathias Kuepié & Anne-Sophie Robilliard, 2015. "Variabilité spatiale et temporelle du taux d'emploi des femmes en Afrique Subsaharienne : que racontent les données des EDS," Post-Print hal-03656885, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03656885
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03656885v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esther Duflo, 2012. "Women Empowerment and Economic Development," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 50(4), pages 1051-1079, December.
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    4. Matthias Doepke & Michèle Tertilt, 2019. "Does female empowerment promote economic development?," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 309-343, December.
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    6. Nordman, Christophe J. & Robilliard, Anne-Sophie & Roubaud, François, 2011. "Gender and ethnic earnings gaps in seven West African cities," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(S1), pages 132-145.
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