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Le « vivre-ensemble » face au projet néolibéral

Author

Listed:
  • David Cayla

    (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement)

Abstract

Dès son origine, la pensée économique entend proposer une réflexion globale sur la richesse définie comme « toutes les choses nécessaires et commodes à la vie » (Smith 1776). Elle axe ainsi son discours sous deux angles complémentaires. Celui de sa production, qui implique un principe d'efficacité, et celui de sa distribution qui implique un principe de justice. Cette approche de l'économie est en réalité parfaitement compatible avec la notion de « vivre-ensemble » dans le sens où la création de lien sociaux relationnels n'est pas écartée a priori de ce qu'elle définit comme richesse. En effet, la science économique est loin de limiter sa réflexion aux seuls échanges marchands si l'on admet que les relations non marchandes ou non monétarisées participent à la création d'une richesse sociale. Le libéralisme classique d'Adam Smith, qui vise à l'émancipation des individus, est de même tout à fait compatible avec la prise en compte de la notion de vivre-ensemble puisqu'il reconnait à la fois l'importance des initiatives individuelles, le rôle des rapports sociaux et qu'il admet l'utilité des interventions publiques. En revanche, le projet néolibéral qui vise au fond à adapter l'ensemble de la société au système marchand (Stiegler 2019) apparaît aveugle aux dimensions non marchandes et non monétarisées de la sphère économique. Il fait donc l'impasse, tant sur le plan théorique que dans les politiques qu'il préconise, sur toute une partie des rapports sociaux fondamentaux. Ainsi, la mise en œuvre de politiques d'inspiration néolibérale tend à engendrer un mal-être social qui se traduit notamment par la monté des populismes sur le plan politique, par la dégradation des rapports humains au travail et par le désinvestissement politique dans les services publics. Pour répondre à cette angoisse sociale, il apparaît nécessaire de renouer avec un nouveau libéralisme émancipateur et avec des doctrines économiques susceptibles de considérer le rôle primordial des rapports non marchands dans la création de richesse collective.

Suggested Citation

  • David Cayla, 2021. "Le « vivre-ensemble » face au projet néolibéral," Post-Print hal-02961194, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02961194
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. David Cayla, 2018. "L'économie du réel," Post-Print hal-01821936, HAL.
    3. David Cayla, 2019. "The Rise of Populist Movements in Europe: A Response to European Ordoliberalism?," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 355-362, April.
    4. Becker, Gary S, 1973. "A Theory of Marriage: Part I," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(4), pages 813-846, July-Aug..
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    Keywords

    Vivre-ensemble; néolibéralisme; libéralisme; systèmes d’échange; encastrement; méthodologie des sciences sociales;
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