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Construire un indicateur de PIB inclusif et soutenable. Que peuvent apporter les valeurs de référence du calcul économique ?

Author

Listed:
  • Dominique BUREAU

    (Commission économique du développement durable. Ministère de la Transition Ecologique)

  • Selma LABROUE

    (Ministère de la Transition écologique)

Abstract

Alors que les comptes nationaux ignorent les composantes non marchandes du bien-être liées à la qualité de vie et laissent de côté les questions d’inclusivité et de soutenabilité, le « PIB » demeure l’indicateur-phare pour évaluer la richesse d’un pays. Suite à la commission Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi, le souci a été de compléter ce dernier par des indicateurs complémentaires, ce qui a permis d’enrichir les analyses, mais au prix de la dispersion d’approches toujours plus multidimensionnelles. On assiste aujourd’hui à des tentatives pour faire plus directement le lien avec la comptabilité nationale, mais la question demeure : peut-on trouver des approches synthétiques, pour « remplacer le PIB » ? Le développement de nouvelles références pour le calcul économique public, s’intéressant justement aux enjeux de soutenabilité et relevant d’un cadre microéconomique cohérent, peut y contribuer car il adresse les mêmes thématiques et produit des valeurs de référence. Afin d’apprécier leur utilité pour évaluer la richesse véritable créée sur une période, on teste la possibilité pratique de compléter ainsi les indicateurs usuels de PIB et d’épargne, pour y intégrer les dimensions liées à l’équité, au patrimoine naturel (effet de serre et biodiversité), à l’éducation et à la santé des populations. Les ajustements correspondants sur l’épargne et la consommation nous amènent à l’évaluation d’un ‘PIN élargi’ de l’ordre (seulement) de 1500 milliards d’€2014 en 2019. L’étude permet par ailleurs de mieux apprécier les poids relatifs de ses différentes composantes, ainsi que la nature des enjeux qui y sont associés. Si la nécessité d’articuler les développements sur les indicateurs de croissance avec les travaux microéconomiques visant à définir des valeurs monétaires telles que le coût social du carbone se trouve confortée, différents chaînons manquants et lacunes sont pointés.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique BUREAU & Selma LABROUE, 2022. "Construire un indicateur de PIB inclusif et soutenable. Que peuvent apporter les valeurs de référence du calcul économique ?," Working Papers 2022.09, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    • Handle: RePEc:fae:wpaper:2022.09
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    indicateurs de croissance; soutenabilité; épargne nette ajustée; changement climatique; patrimoine naturel;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • Q01 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Sustainable Development

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