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Allocation and productivity of time in new ventures of female and male entrepreneurs

Author

Listed:
  • Roy Thurik
  • Ingrid Verheul
  • Martin Carree

Abstract

The present study investigates the factors explaining the number of hours invested in new ventures of female and male entrepreneurs. For new ventures in particular time investment is an important issue, in particular as series of (usually) new and non-recurrent activities is undertaken, laying the foundation of the firm and securing its viability. A distinction is made between factors that influence the number of working hours through preferences or productivity. To test for influences on allocation and the productivity of work time a nonlinear model is proposed that is tested using data of 1256 Dutch business owners (919 male and 337 female) who started a business in 1994. Findings indicate that time invested in the business is determined by various aspects of human, financial and social capital, availability of other income, outsourcing activities and gender. It is shown that some of the identified factors relate to preferences and others to productivity. Women appear to invest less time in the business than men, which is due to an on average lower productivity of work time. This lower productivity can - in turn - be attributed to lower amounts of human, socialm and financial capital of female entrepreneurs, as well as specific ambitions or goals, not directly related to economic performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Roy Thurik & Ingrid Verheul & Martin Carree, 2004. "Allocation and productivity of time in new ventures of female and male entrepreneurs," Scales Research Reports N200411, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:eim:papers:n200411
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    Cited by:

    1. is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Evila Piva, 2018. "Time allocation behaviours of entrepreneurs: the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 45(4), pages 493-518, December.
    3. Bernard Dussuc & Sébastien Geindre, 2012. "Capital social, théorie des réseaux sociaux et recherche en PME : une revue de la littérature," Post-Print halshs-00747912, HAL.
    4. Constanze Eib & Steffi Siegert, 2019. "Is Female Entrepreneurship Only Empowering for Single Women? Evidence from France and Germany," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Antonio Garcia-Tabuenca & Federico Pablo-Martí & Fernando Crecente-Romero, 2015. "Women entrepreneurship. Changes in access to credit and business results (2003-2013)," ERSA conference papers ersa15p496, European Regional Science Association.
    6. Siddharth Vedula & Phillip H. Kim, 2018. "Marching to the beat of the drum: the impact of the pace of life in US cities on entrepreneurial work effort," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 569-590, March.
    7. Federico Pablo-Marti & Antonio García-Tabuenca & José Luis Crespo-Espert, 2011. "Entrepreneurial Women, Differential Behaviours And Business Innovation," ERSA conference papers ersa11p1130, European Regional Science Association.
    8. Angela Hung & Joanne Yoong & Elizabeth Brown, 2012. "Empowering Women Through Financial Awareness and Education," OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions 14, OECD Publishing.
    9. Luca Pistilli & Alessia Paccagnini & Stefano Breschi & Franco Malerba, 2023. "Gender Bias in Entrepreneurship: What is the Role of the Founders’ Entrepreneurial Background?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 187(2), pages 325-346, October.
    10. Zuhui Xu & Yi Tang & Zhiyang Liu, 2023. "Buddhist Entrepreneurs, Managerial Attention Allocation, and New Ventures' Access to External Resources," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(2), pages 454-494, March.
    11. David Gaddis Ross & Dong Hyun Shin, 2024. "Do financial market frictions hurt the performance of women‐led ventures? A meta‐analytic investigation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 507-534, March.
    12. Philipp Koellinger & Matthijs Loos & Patrick Groenen & A. Thurik & Fernando Rivadeneira & Frank Rooij & André Uitterlinden & Albert Hofman, 2010. "Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 1-18, July.
    13. Neville, François & Orser, Barbara & Riding, Allan & Jung, Owen, 2014. "Do young firms owned by recent immigrants outperform other young firms?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-71.
    14. Benjamin Vedel & Florence Law & Ines Gabarret, 2016. "La start-up est morte, vive la start-up ! Etude de la survie d'une entreprise en création sous le prisme de l'effectuation," Post-Print hal-01898936, HAL.
    15. André van Stel & Roy Thurik & Ingrid Verheul & Lendert Baljeu, 2007. "The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Japan," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 07-080/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 14 Jul 2008.
    16. Oleksandr Talavera & Charlie Weir & Lin Xiong, 2017. "Time Allocation and Performance: The Case of Chinese Entrepreneurs," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 27-51, January.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

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