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# The Mahalanobis distance for functional data with applications to classification

## Author

Listed:
• Lillo Rodríguez, Rosa Elvira
• Galeano San Miguel, Pedro
• Joseph, Esdras

## Abstract

This paper presents a general notion of Mahalanobis distance for functional data that extends the classical multivariate concept to situations where the observed data are points belonging to curves generated by a stochastic process. More precisely, a new semi-distance for functional observations that generalize the usual Mahalanobis distance for multivariate datasets is introduced. For that, the development uses a regularized square root inverse operator in Hilbert spaces. Some of the main characteristics of the functional Mahalanobis semi-distance are shown. Afterwards, new versions of several well known functional classification procedures are developed using the Mahalanobis distance for functional data as a measure of proximity between functional observations. The performance of several well known functional classification procedures are compared with those methods used in conjunction with the Mahalanobis distance for functional data, with positive results, through a Monte Carlo study and the analysis of two real data examples

## Suggested Citation

• Lillo Rodríguez, Rosa Elvira & Galeano San Miguel, Pedro & Joseph, Esdras, 2013. "The Mahalanobis distance for functional data with applications to classification," DES - Working Papers. Statistics and Econometrics. WS ws131312, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Estadística.
• Handle: RePEc:cte:wsrepe:ws131312
as

File URL: https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/16960/ws131312.pdf?sequence=1

## References listed on IDEAS

as
1. Wang, Xiaohui & Ray, Shubhankar & Mallick, Bani K., 2007. "Bayesian Curve Classification Using Wavelets," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 102, pages 962-973, September.
2. Carlo Sguera & Pedro Galeano & Rosa Lillo, 2014. "Spatial depth-based classification for functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 23(4), pages 725-750, December.
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5. Mas, André, 2007. "Weak convergence in the functional autoregressive model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1231-1261, July.
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7. Amparo Baíllo & Antonio Cuevas & Juan Antonio Cuesta‐Albertos, 2011. "Supervised Classification for a Family of Gaussian Functional Models," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 38(3), pages 480-498, September.
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11. Gareth M. James & Trevor J. Hastie, 2001. "Functional linear discriminant analysis for irregularly sampled curves," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 63(3), pages 533-550.
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## Citations

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Cited by:

1. J. A. Cuesta-Albertos & M. Febrero-Bande & M. Oviedo de la Fuente, 2017. "The $$\hbox {DD}^G$$ DD G -classifier in the functional setting," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 26(1), pages 119-142, March.
2. Lillo Rodríguez, Rosa Elvira & Galeano San Miguel, Pedro & Joseph, Esdras, 2015. "Two-sample Hotelling's T² statistics based on the functional Mahalanobis semi-distance," DES - Working Papers. Statistics and Econometrics. WS ws1503, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Estadística.

### Keywords

Classification methods;

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