IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cte/werepe/47734.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Modeling the Impact of CO₂ on Arctic and Antarctic Sea-Ice Volume: A Dynamic Nonlinear Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Escribano, Álvaro
  • Rodríguez, Juan Andrés

Abstract

The year 2024 marked a critical milestone in global warming, with average global temperatures exceeding pre-industrial levels by 1.55°C— the highest on human historyrecords. Polar ice loss, largely attributed to anthropogenic CO₂ emissions has profound social, economic and financial implications that demand rigorous analysis. This study assesses the impact of atmospheric CO₂ on Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice volume usingnonlinear dynamic econometric models. We extend prior sea-ice forecasting models to allow for regime-switching specifications—Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Smooth Transition Regressions (STR) models—to capture the complex, nonlinear, and state-dependent responses of the sea-ice to CO₂ concentration changes. Our main contribution is to provide a flexible, reduced-form alternative to general circulation models (GCMs) for evaluating long-run climate scenarios under various emissions trajectories, including IPCC’s Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Results suggest Arctic sea-ice could disappear by 2060 [2045–2078] under a business-as-usual scenario, while Antarctic loss may extend beyond 2100 [2071–2300]. Importantly, models accounting for threshold effects reveal critical recovery tipping points that simpler linear climate models may overlook. Under an intermediate emissions path like SSP2-4.5, a fast recovery of sea-ice volume remains possible if regime shifts are driven by changes in CO₂ growth rates, with estimated tipping points for reversal occurring around 2033 for the Arctic and 2037 for the Antarctic. In contrast, the outlook is less favorable if regime dynamics are determined by CO₂ concentration levels: no recovery is projected for the Arctic, and the Antarctic recovery tipping point is delayed until 2069.

Suggested Citation

  • Escribano, Álvaro & Rodríguez, Juan Andrés, 2025. "Modeling the Impact of CO₂ on Arctic and Antarctic Sea-Ice Volume: A Dynamic Nonlinear Approach," UC3M Working papers. Economics 47734, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
  • Handle: RePEc:cte:werepe:47734
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/rest/api/core/bitstreams/81463f9f-fd64-4de6-a518-b68db3c84134/content
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cte:werepe:47734. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ana Poveda (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.eco.uc3m.es/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.