# Option-pricing in incomplete markets: the hedging portfolio plus a risk premium-based recursive approach

## Author Info

Listed author(s):
• Ibáñez, Alfredo

## Abstract

Consider a non-spanned security $C_{T}$ in an incomplete market. We study the risk/return tradeoffs generated if this security is sold for an arbitrage-free price $\hat{C_{0}}$ and then hedged. We consider recursive "one-period optimal" self-financing hedging strategies, a simple but tractable criterion. For continuous trading, diffusion processes, the one-period minimum variance portfolio is optimal. Let $C_{0}(0)$ be its price. Self-financing implies that the residual risk is equal to the sum of the one-period orthogonal hedging errors, $\sum_{t\leq T} Y_{t}(0) e^{r(T -t)}$. To compensate the residual risk, a risk premium $y_{t}\Delta t$ is associated with every $Y_{t}$. Now let $C_{0}(y)$ be the price of the hedging portfolio, and $\sum_{t\leq T}(Y_{t}(y)+y_{t}\Delta t)e^{r(T-t)}$ is the total residual risk. Although not the same, the one-period hedging errors $Y_{t}(0) and Y_{t}(y)$ are orthogonal to the trading assets, and are perfectly correlated. This implies that the spanned option payoff does not depend on y. Let $\hat{C_{0}}-C_{0}(y)$. A main result follows. Any arbitrage-free price, $\hat{C_{0}}$, is just the price of a hedging portfolio (such as in a complete market), $C_{0}(0)$, plus a premium, $\hat{C_{0}}-C_{0}(0)$. That is, $C_{0}(0)$ is the price of the option's payoff which can be spanned, and $\hat{C_{0}}-C_{0}(0)$ is the premium associated with the option's payoff which cannot be spanned (and yields a contingent risk premium of sum $y_{t}\Delta$t$e^{r(T-t)}$ at maturity). We study other applications of option-pricing theory as well.

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File URL: http://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/488/wb058121.pdf?sequence=1

## Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa in its series DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB with number wb058121.

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## References

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1. Robert C. Merton, 1973. "Theory of Rational Option Pricing," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 4(1), pages 141-183, Spring.
2. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
3. T. Clifton Green & Stephen Figlewski, 1999. "Market Risk and Model Risk for a Financial Institution Writing Options," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(4), pages 1465-1499, 08.
4. Luenberger, David G., 2002. "A correlation pricing formula," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 26(7-8), pages 1113-1126, July.
5. Detemple, Jerome & Sundaresan, Suresh, 1999. "Nontraded Asset Valuation with Portfolio Constraints: A Binomial Approach," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(4), pages 835-872.
6. David Heath & Eckhard Platen & Martin Schweizer, 2001. "A Comparison of Two Quadratic Approaches to Hedging in Incomplete Markets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), pages 385-413.
7. Ross, Stephen A, 1978. "A Simple Approach to the Valuation of Risky Streams," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(3), pages 453-475, July.
8. Mark Rubinstein, 1976. "The Valuation of Uncertain Income Streams and the Pricing of Options," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 7(2), pages 407-425, Autumn.
9. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
10. Bergman, Yaacov Z & Grundy, Bruce D & Wiener, Zvi, 1996. " General Properties of Option Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(5), pages 1573-1610, December.
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