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Time-varying volatility, financial intermediation and monetary policy

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  • Eickmeier, Sandra
  • Metiu, Norbert
  • Prieto, Esteban

Abstract

Financial intermediaries actively manage their balance sheets such that leverage is high in low volatility periods and low in times of high volatility. In this paper, we show that this relation has implications for the monetary transmission mechanism. Using a regime-switching vector autoregression, we provide robust evidence that monetary policy increases credit supply, output and investment more in periods of low volatility. An estimated new Keynesian model with endogenous bank leverage is able to replicate this empirical asymmetry. In the model, banks increase leverage when volatility is low, which makes the financial accelerator mechanism more powerful. The estimated output response to a monetary stimulus is more than 50% larger in low volatility periods than in times of high volatility due to the state-dependent financial accelerator. A countercyclical capital requirement could undo most of the asymmetry induced by the cyclical behavior of bank leverage.

Suggested Citation

  • Eickmeier, Sandra & Metiu, Norbert & Prieto, Esteban, 2023. "Time-varying volatility, financial intermediation and monetary policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 18388, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:18388
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    2. Abbate, Angela & Eickmeier, Sandra & Prieto, Esteban, 2023. "Financial shocks and inflation dynamics," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(2), pages 350-378, March.
    3. Chevaughn van der Westhuizen & Renee van Eyden & Goodness C. Aye, 2023. "Monetary Policy Effectiveness in the Face of Uncertainty: The Real Macroeconomic Impact of a Monetary Policy Shock in South Africa during High and Low Uncertainty States," Working Papers 202331, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    4. Falck, Elisabeth & Hoffmann, Mathias & Hürtgen, Patrick, 2017. "Disagreement and monetary policy," Discussion Papers 29/2017, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    5. Giovanni Pellegrino, 2021. "Uncertainty and monetary policy in the US: A journey into nonlinear territory," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 59(3), pages 1106-1128, July.
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    7. Giovanni Caggiano & Efrem Castelnuovo & Gabriela Nodari, 2014. "Uncertainty and Monetary Policy in Good and Bad Times," "Marco Fanno" Working Papers 0188, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche "Marco Fanno".
    8. Schüler, Yves S. & Hiebert, Paul P. & Peltonen, Tuomas A., 2020. "Financial cycles: Characterisation and real-time measurement," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    9. Efrem Castelnuovo, 2019. "Yield Curve and Financial Uncertainty: Evidence Based on US Data," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 52(3), pages 323-335, September.
    10. Efrem Castelnuovo, 2019. "Domestic and Global Uncertainty: A Survey and Some New Results," CAMA Working Papers 2019-75, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    11. Li, Zehao, 2022. "Financial intermediary leverage and monetary policy transmission," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    12. Quelhas, João, 2022. "Monetary Policy Uncertainty and its impact on the real economy: Empirical Evidence from the Euro area," MPRA Paper 113621, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised May 2022.
    13. Shang, Fei, 2022. "The effect of uncertainty on the sensitivity of the yield curve to monetary policy surprises," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    14. Castelnuovo, Efrem & Pellegrino, Giovanni, 2018. "Uncertainty-dependent effects of monetary policy shocks: A new-Keynesian interpretation," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 277-296.
    15. Corrêa, Wilson Luiz Rotatori & Lopes, Luckas Sabioni, 2023. "Monetary policy transmission, productive activity, and inflation in Brazil: Does uncertainty matter?," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    16. Caggiano, Giovanni & Castelnuovo, Efrem & Damette, Olivier & Parent, Antoine & Pellegrino, Giovanni, 2017. "Liquidity traps and large-scale financial crises," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 99-114.
    17. Herwartz, Helmut & Rohloff, Hannes, 2018. "Less bang for the buck? Assessing the role of inflation uncertainty for U.S. monetary policy transmission in a data rich environment," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 358, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    18. Efrem Castelnuovo & Guay Lim, 2019. "What Do We Know About the Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy? A Brief Survey of the Literature on Fiscal Multipliers," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 52(1), pages 78-93, March.
    19. Rünstler, Gerhard & Bräuer, Leonie, 2020. "Monetary policy transmission over the leverage cycle: evidence for the euro area," Working Paper Series 2421, European Central Bank.
    20. Zulquar Nain & Bandi Kamaiah, 2020. "Uncertainty and Effectiveness of Monetary Policy: A Bayesian Markov Switching-VAR Analysis," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 9(special i), pages 237-265.
    21. Saygin Sahinoz & Evren Erdogan Cosar, 2020. "Quantifying uncertainty and identifying its impacts on the Turkish economy," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 47(2), pages 365-387, May.
    22. Franz, Thorsten, 2019. "Monetary policy, housing, and collateral constraints," Discussion Papers 02/2019, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    23. Lu, Jiajun & Lv, Linying & Wang, Yizhong & Zhu, Yueteng, 2025. "The real effect of monetary policy under uncertainty: Evidence from the change in corporate financing purposes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    24. Herwartz, Helmut & Maxand, Simone & Rohloff, Hannes, 2018. "Lean against the wind or float with the storm? Revisiting the monetary policy asset price nexus by means of a novel statistical identification approach," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 354, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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