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Retornos a la educación sesgo de habilidad. Teoría y aplicaciones en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Andrés Casas
  • Juan Miguel Gallego
  • Carlos Sepúlveda

Abstract

Este trabajo presenta una discusión acerca de los retornos a la inversión en educación y de su estimación para el caso colombiano. El marco teórico esta dado por la literatura del capital humano en educación, los aspectos de estimación de dichos retornos, los problemas de omitir en la especificación econométrica el efecto de variables como la habilidad de los individuos y la forma en que se ha intentado solucionar el sesgo derivado de tal omisión. Para la estimación de los retornos educativos se utilizaron dos bases en diferentes periodos del tiempo. La primera es una encuesta realizada para trabajadores bogotanos en 1988 y la segunda, la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida de 1997. Aunque dichas encuestas no son comparables entre si, se encuentra un sesgo de habilidad positivo, al parecer no muy significativo. Al utilizar una variable de caracterización socioeconómica como instrumento para la corrección de los retornos se encuentra una sobreestimación de los mismos, resultado similar al encontrado en la literatura internacional. Además, se muestra evidencia de poca movilidad intergeneracional, ya que trabajadores cuyos padres tienen educación superior obtienen unos mayores retornos. ************************************************************************ This work presents a discussion about the returns to the investment in education and its estimation to the Colombian case. The theory framework is gave by the literature of the human capital in education, the aspects of estimation of these returns, the problems to omit in the econometric specification the effect of variables as the ability of the individuals and the form in which the bias derived from such omission has tried to be solved. For the estimation of the educative returns two data in different periods from the time were used. The first, originating one of a survey made for Bogotá's workers in 1988 and second, from the "Encuesta de Calidad de Vida" of 1997. Although these surveys are not comparable, there is a positive ability bias, apparently not very significant. When we use a variable of socioeconomic characterization as instrument for the correction of the returns there is an upward bias; this result is similar to the found in international literature. In addition, there is evidence of little intergenerational mobility, since workers whose parents have higher education obtain greater returns.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Casas & Juan Miguel Gallego & Carlos Sepúlveda, 2002. "Retornos a la educación sesgo de habilidad. Teoría y aplicaciones en Colombia," Borradores de Investigación 3467, Universidad del Rosario.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000091:003467
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    File URL: http://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10336/10878/3467.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joshua D. Angrist & Alan B. Krueger, 2001. "Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 69-85, Fall.
    2. Joshua Angrist & Alan Krueger, 2001. "Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments," Working Papers 834, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    3. Altonji, Joseph G & Dunn, Thomas A, 1996. "The Effects of Family Characteristics on the Return to Education," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(4), pages 692-704, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Benavides, Edinson Ortiz & Erazo, Iván Freddy & Burgos, Marco Antonio, 2015. "Educación empleo e ingresos en el municipio de Pasto: Un estudio de datos panel 2008 - 2010," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 16(1), pages 13-33, January.
    2. Iván Bornacelly, 2013. "Educación técnica y tecnológica para la reducción de la desigualdad salarial y la pobreza," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, June.
    3. Oscar Andrés Espinosa Acuna & Paola Andrea Vaca González, 2012. "La educación como motor de desarrollo integral: la importancia del capital humano en el crecimiento económico y social de largo plazo," Econógrafos, Escuela de Economía 9936, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    capital humano; retornos educativos; sesgo de habilidad; variable instrumental;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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