IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cbt/econwp/17-17.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Does the Tail Wag the Dog? Evidence from Fund Flow to VIX ETFs and ETNs

Author

Listed:

Abstract

This paper investigates if and how the fund flows to VIX exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and VIX exchange-traded notes (ETNs) impact the underlying volatility VIX index. The VIX ETFs and ETNs are divided into four groups depending on their investment strategy. We found that each group has a very distinctive fund flow pattern, reflecting the mean-reverting character of the VIX. We found that generally higher fund flows to VIX exchange-traded funds and notes which apply a normal tracking strategy tend to increase the value of the VIX, while higher fund flows to VIX exchange-traded funds and notes which apply an inverse tracking strategy decrease the value of the VIX. Moreover, we show that money flows to VIX exchange-traded products is insufficient to contribute to market instability during market downturns. The results of this study provide arguments for discussion on impact of exchange trade products on their underlying products (see SEC's File No. S7-11-15).

Suggested Citation

  • Jędrzej Białkowski & Huong Dieu Dang & Xiaopeng Wei, 2017. "Does the Tail Wag the Dog? Evidence from Fund Flow to VIX ETFs and ETNs," Working Papers in Economics 17/17, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbt:econwp:17/17
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://repec.canterbury.ac.nz/cbt/econwp/1717.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicole M. Boyson & Christof W. Stahel & René M. Stulz, 2010. "Hedge Fund Contagion and Liquidity Shocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(5), pages 1789-1816, October.
    2. Li, Haitao & Zhang, Xiaoyan & Zhao, Rui, 2011. "Investing in Talents: Manager Characteristics and Hedge Fund Performances," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(1), pages 59-82, February.
    3. Chia-Lin Chang & Yu-Pei Ke, 2014. "Testing Price Pressure, Information, Feedback Trading, And Smoothing Effects For Energy Exchange Traded Funds," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(02), pages 1-26.
    4. Tim Leung & Jiao Li & Xin Li & Zheng Wang, 2016. "Speculative Futures Trading under Mean Reversion," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 23(4), pages 281-304, December.
    5. Christopher P. Clifford & Jon A. Fulkerson & Bradford D. Jordan, 2014. "What Drives ETF Flows?," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 49(3), pages 619-642, August.
    6. Dichev, Ilia D. & Yu, Gwen, 2011. "Higher risk, lower returns: What hedge fund investors really earn," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 248-263, May.
    7. Stephen Brown & William Goetzmann & Bing Liang & Christopher Schwarz, 2008. "Mandatory Disclosure and Operational Risk: Evidence from Hedge Fund Registration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(6), pages 2785-2815, December.
    8. Bart Frijns & Alireza Tourani‐Rad & Robert I. Webb, 2016. "On the Intraday Relation Between the VIX and its Futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(9), pages 870-886, September.
    9. Horst, Jenke ter & Salganik, Galla, 2014. "Style chasing by hedge fund investors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 29-42.
    10. Dueker, Michael J, 1997. "Markov Switching in GARCH Processes and Mean-Reverting Stock-Market Volatility," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 15(1), pages 26-34, January.
    11. Boyer, Brian & Zheng, Lu, 2009. "Investor flows and stock market returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 87-100, January.
    12. Konstantinidi, Eirini & Skiadopoulos, George & Tzagkaraki, Emilia, 2008. "Can the evolution of implied volatility be forecasted? Evidence from European and US implied volatility indices," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 2401-2411, November.
    13. Carol Alexander & Dimitris Korovilas, 2012. "Diversification of Equity with VIX Futures: Personal Views and Skewness Preference," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2012-07, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    14. Yueh‐Neng Lin, 2007. "Pricing VIX futures: Evidence from integrated physical and risk‐neutral probability measures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(12), pages 1175-1217, December.
    15. Jin E. Zhang & Yingzi Zhu, 2006. "VIX futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(6), pages 521-531, June.
    16. Chen, Hsuan-Chi & Chung, San-Lin & Ho, Keng-Yu, 2011. "The diversification effects of volatility-related assets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1179-1189, May.
    17. Grunbichler, Andreas & Longstaff, Francis A., 1996. "Valuing futures and options on volatility," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 985-1001, July.
    18. Ben-Rephael, Azi & Kandel, Shmuel & Wohl, Avi, 2011. "The Price Pressure of Aggregate Mutual Fund Flows," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(2), pages 585-603, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Konstantinidi, Eirini & Skiadopoulos, George, 2011. "Are VIX futures prices predictable? An empirical investigation," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 543-560, April.
    2. Gonzalez-Perez, Maria T., 2015. "Model-free volatility indexes in the financial literature: A review," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 141-159.
    3. Bujar Huskaj & Marcus Nossman, 2013. "A Term Structure Model for VIX Futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(5), pages 421-442, May.
    4. Jiao Li, 2016. "Trading VIX Futures under Mean Reversion with Regime Switching," Papers 1605.07945, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2016.
    5. Taylor, Nick, 2019. "Forecasting returns in the VIX futures market," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1193-1210.
    6. Lin, Yueh-Neng & Chang, Chien-Hung, 2010. "Consistent modeling of S&P 500 and VIX derivatives," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2302-2319, November.
    7. Mathias S. Kruttli & Phillip J. Monin & Sumudu W. Watugala, 2017. "Investor Concentration, Flows, and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Hedge Funds," Working Papers 17-07, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury.
    8. Guillermo Baquero & Marno Verbeek, 2015. "Hedge fund flows and performance streaks: How investors weigh information," ESMT Research Working Papers ESMT-15-01, ESMT European School of Management and Technology.
    9. Daniel Guterding, 2020. "Inventory effects on the price dynamics of VSTOXX futures quantified via machine learning," Papers 2002.08207, arXiv.org.
    10. Andrew W. Lo & Mila Getmansky & Peter A. Lee, 2015. "Hedge Funds: A Dynamic Industry in Transition," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 483-577, December.
    11. Gongyue Jiang & Gaoxiu Qiao & Feng Ma & Lu Wang, 2022. "Directly pricing VIX futures with observable dynamic jumps based on high‐frequency VIX," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(8), pages 1518-1548, August.
    12. George J. Jiang & Bing Liang & Huacheng Zhang, 2022. "Hedge Fund Manager Skill and Style-Shifting," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(3), pages 2284-2307, March.
    13. Rakowski, David & Yamani, Ehab, 2021. "Endogeneity in the mutual fund flow–performance relationship: An instrumental variables solution," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 247-271.
    14. Guillermo Baquero & Marno Verbeek, 2022. "Hedge Fund Flows and Performance Streaks: How Investors Weigh Information," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(6), pages 4151-4172, June.
    15. Sebastian A. Gehricke & Jin E. Zhang, 2020. "Modeling VXX under jump diffusion with stochastic long‐term mean," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(10), pages 1508-1534, October.
    16. Li, Lu & Li, Yihang & Wang, Xueding & Xiao, Tusheng & Zhu, Hongjun, 2022. "Hedge fund networks, information dissemination, and stock price comovement: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    17. Scott Mixon & Esen Onur, 2019. "Derivatives pricing when supply and demand matter: Evidence from the term structure of VIX futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(9), pages 1035-1055, September.
    18. Shinozawa, Yoshikatsu & Vivian, Andrew, 2015. "Determinants of money flows into investment trusts in Japan," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 138-161.
    19. Jiao Li, 2016. "Trading VIX futures under mean reversion with regime switching," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 3(03), pages 1-20, September.
    20. Weber, Martin & Mueller-Dethard, Jan, 2020. "The Portfolio Composition Effect," CEPR Discussion Papers 15012, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    VIX; Exchange-traded fund; Exchange-traded note; Fund flow; VIX future price; VIX future price term structure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cbt:econwp:17/17. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Albert Yee (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/decannz.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.