IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bdi/wptemi/td_1490_25.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Friends or foes? Banks' deposits and digitalization during monetary tightening

Author

Listed:
  • Federica Ciocchetta

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Raffaele Gallo

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Silvia Magri

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Massimo Molinari

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

This paper analyzes whether the deposits of high digital banks (i.e. banks whose customers mainly use online money transfers), are more sensitive to changes in interest rates following the monetary tightening phase started in 2022. By relying on a difference-in-difference model estimated for the period from January 2021 to December 2023, we show that there are no significant differences between high digital and other banks in sight deposits and their rate dynamics. In the same period, in contrast, household term deposits and the related interest rates increased at a greater rate for high digital intermediaries, compared with other banks. This larger increase in household term deposits is not correlated with the main indicators of bank vulnerabilities, but it is driven by the results of ex-ante larger and more profitable high digital banks and of intermediaries with a lower initial share of household term deposits. Overall, the stronger sensitivity of high-digital bank deposits seems limited to household term deposits with no negative impact on their profitability.

Suggested Citation

  • Federica Ciocchetta & Raffaele Gallo & Silvia Magri & Massimo Molinari, 2025. "Friends or foes? Banks' deposits and digitalization during monetary tightening," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1490, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1490_25
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/temi-discussione/2025/2025-1490/en_tema_1490.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2017. "The Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1819-1876.
    2. Fascione, Luisa & Oosterhek, Koen & Scheubel, Beatrice & Stracca, Livio & Wildmann, Nadya, 2024. "Keep calm, but watch the outliers: deposit flows in recent crisis episodes and beyond," Occasional Paper Series 361, European Central Bank.
    3. Kairong Xiao & Francesca Cornelli, 2020. "Monetary Transmission through Shadow Banks," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(6), pages 2379-2420.
    4. Branzoli, Nicola & Rainone, Edoardo & Supino, Ilaria, 2024. "The role of banks’ technology adoption in credit markets during the pandemic," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    5. Efraim Benmelech & Jun Yang & Michal Zator, 2023. "Bank Branch Density and Bank Runs," NBER Working Papers 31462, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matt Brigida & Kathleen Maceyka, 2025. "Hedging Deposit Run Risk Prior to the 2023 Regional Banking Crisis," Papers 2506.03344, arXiv.org.
    2. Iñaki Aldasoro & Sebastian Doerr & Haonan Zhou, 2023. "Non-bank lending during crises," BIS Working Papers 1074, Bank for International Settlements.
    3. Matteo Benetton, 2021. "Leverage Regulation and Market Structure: A Structural Model of the U.K. Mortgage Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(6), pages 2997-3053, December.
    4. Greg Buchak & Gregor Matvos & Tomasz Piskorski & Amit Seru, 2024. "Aggregate Lending and Modern Financial Intermediation: Why Bank Balance Sheet Models Are Miscalibrated," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(1), pages 239-287.
    5. Jiang, Erica Xuewei & Matvos, Gregor & Piskorski, Tomasz & Seru, Amit, 2024. "Monetary tightening and U.S. bank fragility in 2023: Mark-to-market losses and uninsured depositor runs?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    6. Maximilian Grimm, 2024. "The Effect of Monetary Policy on Systemic Bank Funding Stability," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 341, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    7. Yue Cai, 2025. "Market Power and Money Market Funds Risk-Taking," Working Papers 2411, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    8. Diamond, William & Jiang, Zhengyang & Ma, Yiming, 2024. "The reserve supply channel of unconventional monetary policy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    9. Elliott, David & Meisenzahl, Ralf R. & Peydró, José-Luis, 2024. "Nonbank lenders as global shock absorbers: Evidence from US monetary policy spillovers," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Joseph, Kerron & Nguyen, Ca & Wald, John K., 2025. "Renegotiation of international loans, capital regulation, and monetary policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    11. Hasan, Iftekhar & Kwak, Boreum & Li, Xiang, 2024. "Financial technologies and the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Cornelli, Giulio & Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Habib, Maurizio Michael, 2025. "Stablecoins, money market funds and monetary policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    13. Kent Daniel & Lorenzo Garlappi & Kairong Xiao, 2021. "Monetary Policy and Reaching for Income," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1145-1193, June.
    14. Dominic Cucic & Denis Gorea, 2024. "Non-bank lending and the transmission of monetary policy," BIS Working Papers 1211, Bank for International Settlements.
    15. Constantin Bürgi & Bo Jiang, 2022. "Monetary Policy, Funding Cost and Banks’ Risk-Taking: Evidence from the United States," CESifo Working Paper Series 9995, CESifo.
    16. Cramer, Kim Fe & Koont, Naz, 2021. "Peer effects in deposit markets," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119192, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    17. Pelizzon, Loriana & Mattiello, Riccardo & Schlegel, Jonas, 2025. "Growth of non-bank financial intermediaries, financial stability, and monetary policy: Prepared for the ECB Forum," SAFE White Paper Series 114, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    18. Damast, Dominik & Kubitza, Christian & Sørensen, Jakob Ahm, 2025. "Homeowners insurance and the transmission of monetary policy," ICIR Working Paper Series 55/25, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR).
    19. Yifei Wang & Toni M. Whited & Yufeng Wu & Kairong Xiao, 2022. "Bank Market Power and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from a Structural Estimation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 2093-2141, August.
    20. Matt Brigida, 2025. "Time-Varying Volatility of Bank Betas," Papers 2510.07671, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1490_25. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bdigvit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.