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Shopping by algorithm: How agentic AI deploys human heuristics as a surrogate consumer

Author

Listed:
  • Davood Wadi
  • Yu Ma

Abstract

Consumers increasingly delegate purchasing decisions to Large Language Models (LLMs) acting as surrogate consumers. Using "Tool-Lab," an adaptation of information-board process tracing that places product attributes behind costly tool calls, we examine how marketing pricing cues (i.e., just-below pricing and promotional framing) influence AI shopping agents. Across eight commercially deployed LLMs from three providers, we trace pre-choice information acquisition. Under zero cost, pricing cues rarely mislead. Imposing acquisition costs under a vague goal prompt leads LLMs to omit diagnostic attributes required to compute unit price and choose suboptimal choices resembling human heuristics. Relative to a specific goal prompt that mainly preserves diagnostic search and choice optimality, a vague goal prompt under constraints creates a search-mediated vulnerability. This research demonstrates that marketing heuristics in delegated AI shopping are governed by storefront information architecture, not necessarily immutable LLM flaws.

Suggested Citation

  • Davood Wadi & Yu Ma, 2026. "Shopping by algorithm: How agentic AI deploys human heuristics as a surrogate consumer," Papers 2609.28372, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2026.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2609.28372
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Haonan Huang & Joey Xiao, 2026. "Who Keeps the Gains from Personal AI Assistants? Seller Adaptation and the Unassisted in a Language-Model Market Simulation," Papers 2610.05823, arXiv.org.

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