Who Keeps the Gains from Personal AI Assistants? Seller Adaptation and the Unassisted in a Language-Model Market Simulation
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
Download full text from publisher
References listed on IDEAS
- Mark Armstrong & John Vickers, 2012.
"Consumer Protection and Contingent Charges,"
Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 50(2), pages 477-493, June.
- Armstrong, Mark & Vickers, John, 2012. "Consumer protection and contingent charges," MPRA Paper 37239, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Xavier Gabaix & David Laibson, 2018.
"Shrouded attributes, consumer myopia and information suppression in competitive markets,"
Chapters, in: Victor J. Tremblay & Elizabeth Schroeder & Carol Horton Tremblay (ed.), Handbook of Behavioral Industrial Organization, chapter 3, pages 40-74,
Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Xavier Gabaix & David Laibson, 2006. "Shrouded Attributes, Consumer Myopia, and Information Suppression in Competitive Markets," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 121(2), pages 505-540.
- Xavier Gabaix & David Laibson, 2005. "Shrouded Attributes, Consumer Myopia, and Information Suppression in Competitive Markets," NBER Working Papers 11755, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Laibson, David I. & Gabaix, Xavier, 2006. "Shrouded Attributes, Consumer Myopia, and Information Suppression in Competitive Markets," Scholarly Articles 4554333, Harvard University Department of Economics.
- Davood Wadi & Yu Ma, 2026. "Shopping by algorithm: How agentic AI deploys human heuristics as a surrogate consumer," Papers 2609.28372, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2026.
- Paul Heidhues & Botond Kőszegi & Takeshi Murooka, 2017.
"Inferior Products and Profitable Deception,"
The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 84(1), pages 323-356.
- Heidhues, Paul & Köszegi, Botond & Murooka, Takeshi, 2017. "Inferior Products and Profitable Deception," Munich Reprints in Economics 55055, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Ran Spiegler, 2016. "Choice Complexity and Market Competition," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 1-25, October.
- Sumit Agarwal & Souphala Chomsisengphet & Neale Mahoney & Johannes Stroebel, 2015.
"Regulating Consumer Financial Products: Evidence from Credit Cards,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 130(1), pages 111-164.
- Sumit Agarwal & Souphala Chomsisengphet & Neale Mahoney & Johannes Stroebel, 2013. "Regulating Consumer Financial Products: Evidence from Credit Cards," NBER Working Papers 19484, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Johannes Stroebel, 2014. "Regulating Consumer Financial Products: Evidence from Credit Cards," 2014 Meeting Papers 126, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Yannis Bakos & Florencia Marotta-Wurgler & David R. Trossen, 2014. "Does Anyone Read the Fine Print? Consumer Attention to Standard-Form Contracts," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 43(1), pages 1-35.
- Tom Blake & Sarah Moshary & Kane Sweeney & Steve Tadelis, 2021. "Price Salience and Product Choice," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(4), pages 619-636, July.
- Jennifer Brown & Tanjim Hossain & John Morgan, 2010. "Shrouded Attributes and Information Suppression: Evidence from the Field," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 125(2), pages 859-876.
- Davood Wadi & Yu Ma, 2026. "Does Rank Still Matter? Position Bias When AI Agents Shop on Our Behalf," Papers 2608.22697, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2026.
- Pawel Struski & Jakub Swistak & Inez Okulska & Przemyslaw Biecek, 2026. "Competitive Market Behavior of LLMs," Papers 2609.02580, arXiv.org.
- ,, 2006.
"Competition over agents with boundedly rational expectations,"
Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 1(2), pages 207-231, June.
- Ran Spiegler, 2005. "Competition over Agents with Boundedly Rational Expectations," Levine's Bibliography 122247000000000535, UCLA Department of Economics.
- Argyle, Lisa P. & Busby, Ethan C. & Fulda, Nancy & Gubler, Joshua R. & Rytting, Christopher & Wingate, David, 2023. "Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(3), pages 337-351, July.
- Benjamin Balzer & Benjamin Young, 2026. "The Depth and Reach of Exploitation: Contracting with Endogenously Naive Consumers," Papers 2609.25509, arXiv.org.
- Lingxiu Dong & Kaiwen Luo & Fasheng Xu, 2026. "From Product Search to Preference Articulation: The Economics of Agentic Commerce," Papers 2608.08395, arXiv.org.
- Mingyang Fu & Ming Hu, 2026. "Strategic Buying Agents," Papers 2607.04708, arXiv.org.
- Glenn Ellison, 2005.
"A Model of Add-On Pricing,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 120(2), pages 585-637.
- Glenn Ellison, 2003. "A Model of Add-on Pricing," NBER Working Papers 9721, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Glenn Ellison, 2004. "A Model of Add-on Pricing," Economics Working Papers 0049, Institute for Advanced Study, School of Social Science.
- Yi-Lin Tsai & Yung-Hsiu & Lai, 2026. "Seeing Is Not Perceiving: When Synthetic Consumers Can and Cannot Pretest Visual Marketing," Papers 2609.25677, arXiv.org.
- Se Yan & Han Zhong & Zemin & Zhong & Wenyu Zhou, 2026. "Shopping with a Platform AI Assistant: Who Adopts, When in the Journey, and What For," Papers 2603.24947, arXiv.org.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Ambre Nicolle & Christos Genakos & Tobias Kretschmer, 2025. "Strategic confusopoly: evidence from the UK mobile telecommunications market," Working Papers 202503, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
- McGowan, Feidhlim, 2018. "The roaming regulation and the case for applying behavioural industrial organisation to EU competition policy," Papers WP598, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
- Ernst Fehr & Keyu Wu, 2021.
"Obfuscation in competitive markets,"
ECON - Working Papers
391, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised Feb 2023.
- Ernst Fehr & Keyu Wu, 2025. "Obfuscation in Competitive Markets," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2559, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
- Janssen, Aljoscha & Kasinger, Johannes, 2021. "Obfuscation and rational inattention in digitalized markets," SAFE Working Paper Series 306, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
- Janssen, Aljoscha & Kasinger, Johannes, 2021. "Obfuscation and Rational Inattention in Digitalized Markets," Working Paper Series 1379, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
- Hans‐Theo Normann & Tobias Wenzel, 2019. "Shrouding Add‐On Information: An Experimental Study," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 121(4), pages 1705-1727, October.
- Gamp, Tobias & Krähmer, Daniel, 2022. "Competition in Search Markets with Naive Consumers," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 364, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
- Ginger Zhe Jin & Michael Luca & Daniel Martin, 2022.
"Complex Disclosure,"
Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(5), pages 3236-3261, May.
- Ginger Zhe Jin & Michael Luca & Daniel J. Martin, 2018. "Complex Disclosure," NBER Working Papers 24675, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Lu Liu, 2019. "Non-salient fees in the mortgage market," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series 819, Bank of England.
- Tobias Gamp & Daniel Krähmer, 2022. "Competition in search markets with naive consumers," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 53(2), pages 356-385, June.
- Tobias Gamp & Daniel Kraehmer, 2018. "Deception and Competition in Search Markets," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_014_2018, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
- Ambre Elsas-Nicolle & Christos Genakos & Tobias Kretschmer, 2026. "Strategic Confusopoly: Evidence from the UK Mobile Telecommunications Market," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(2), pages 272-292, June.
- Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2025. "Study on behavioural economics for efficient regulation and supervision," Colección Estudios de Mercado E/CNMC/002/23_ENG, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC).
- Bourguignon, Hélène & Gomes, Renato & Tirole, Jean, 2019.
"Shrouded transaction costs: must-take cards, discounts and surcharges,"
International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 99-144.
- Hélène Bourguignon & Renato Gomes & Jean Tirole, 2019. "Shrouded transaction costs: must-take cards, discounts and surcharges," Post-Print hal-04947206, HAL.
- Wenzel, Tobias, 2024. "Collusion, inattentive consumers and shrouded prices," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 579-591.
- She, Huixin, 2026. "Platform Governance and Information Disclosure in Markets with Add-Ons," TSE Working Papers 26-1778, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
- Sule Alan & Mehmet Cemalcılar & Dean Karlan & Jonathan Zinman, 2015.
"Unshrouding Effects on Demand for a Costly Add-on: Evidence from Bank Overdrafts in Turkey,"
NBER Working Papers
20956, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Sule, Alan & Cemalcilar, Mehmet & Karlan, Dean S. & Zinman, Jonathan, 2015. "Unshrouding Effects on Demand for a Costly Add-on: Evidence from Bank Overdrafts in Turkey," Center Discussion Papers 198558, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
- Sule Alan & Dean Karlan & Mehmet Cemalcilar & Jonathan Zinman, 2015. "Unshrouding Effects on Demand for a Costly Add-on: Evidence from Bank Overdrafts in Turkey," Working Papers 1044, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
- Alan, Sule & Cemalcilar, Mehmet & Karlan, Dean & Zinman, Jonathan, 2015. "Unshrouding Effects on Demand for a Costly Add-on: Evidence from Bank Overdrafts in Turkey," CEPR Discussion Papers 10414, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Wenzel, Tobias, 2014.
"Consumer myopia, competition and the incentives to unshroud add-on information,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 89-96.
- Wenzel, Tobias, 2013. "Consumer myopia, competition and the incentives to unshroud add-on information," DICE Discussion Papers 126, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
- K. Jeremy Ko & Jared Williams, 2017. "The Effects of Regulating Hidden Add‐On Costs," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 39-74, February.
- Buechel, Berno & Feess, Eberhard & Muehlheusser, Gerd, 2020.
"Optimal law enforcement with sophisticated and naïve offenders,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 836-857.
- Berno Buechel & Eberhard Feess & Gerd Muehlheusser, 2018. "Optimal Law Enforcement with Sophisticated and Naive Offenders," CESifo Working Paper Series 7106, CESifo.
More about this item
NEP fields
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:- NEP-AIN-2026-10-19 (Artificial Intelligence)
- NEP-EXP-2026-10-19 (Experimental Economics)
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2610.05823. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://arxiv.org/ .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2610.05823.html