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Crossing-Free Probabilistic K-Line Forecasts Without Retraining

Author

Listed:
  • Runyao Yu
  • Yuchen Tao
  • Yujie Chen
  • Wentao Wang
  • Derek W. Bunn

Abstract

Probabilistic K-line forecasting describes uncertainty in four complementary prices, namely open--high--low--close (OHLC). However, it introduces two consistency problems: quantile crossing and K-line crossing. Quantile crossing occurs when a higher-quantile forecast falls below a lower-quantile forecast, while K-line crossing occurs when the forecast low exceeds the open or close, or the forecast high falls below the open or close. Existing solutions generally address only one problem through output reordering, specialized architectures, or penalized training objectives. We propose K-line--Quantile Sequential Projection (KQSP), a parameter-free and training-free reconciliation method applicable to forecasts produced by any model. Compared with other crossing solutions, KQSP preserves predictive accuracy while producing substantially smaller corrections to the original forecasts. To mitigate model bias, we evaluate KQSP using various models, including pretrained foundation models. KQSP reduces both quantile and K-line crossing rates to zero for all test data undertaken. These results show that probabilistic K-line consistency can be enforced independently of forecast generation and without retraining.

Suggested Citation

  • Runyao Yu & Yuchen Tao & Yujie Chen & Wentao Wang & Derek W. Bunn, 2026. "Crossing-Free Probabilistic K-Line Forecasts Without Retraining," Papers 2607.26792, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2607.26792
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    File URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.26792
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Victor Chernozhukov & Iv·n Fern·ndez-Val & Alfred Galichon, 2010. "Quantile and Probability Curves Without Crossing," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 78(3), pages 1093-1125, May.
    2. Baruník, Jozef & Hronec, Martin & Tobek, Ondřej, 2026. "Forecasting stock return distributions around the globe with quantile neural networks," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 1298-1313.
    3. repec:aen:journl:ej37-1-bunn is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Derek Bunn & Arne Andresen & Dipeng Chen & Sjur Westgaard, 2016. "Analysis and Forecasting of Electricity Price Risks with Quantile Factor Models," The Energy Journal, , vol. 37(1), pages 101-122, January.
    5. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5rkqqmvrn4tl22s9mc4b6ga2g is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Victor Chernozhukov & Ivan Fernandez-Val & Alfred Galichon, 2007. "Quantile and probability curves without crossing," CeMMAP working papers CWP10/07, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    7. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/5rkqqmvrn4tl22s9mc4b6ga2g is not listed on IDEAS
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