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Interactions Between Multiple Environmental Markets: Addressing Contamination Bias in Overlapping Policies

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Listed:
  • Tiantian Yang
  • Richard S. J. Tol

Abstract

To address the dual environmental challenges of pollution and climate change, China has established multiple environmental markets, including pollution emissions trading, carbon emissions trading, energy-use rights trading, and green electricity trading. Previous empirical studies suffer from known biases arising from time-varying treatment and multiple treatments. To address these limitations, this study adopts a dynamic control group design and combines Difference-in-Difference (DiD) and Artificial Counterfactual (ArCo) empirical strategies. Using panel data on A-share listed companies from 2000 to 2024, this study investigates the marginal effects and interactive impacts of multiple environmental markets implemented in staggered and overlapping phases. Existing pollution emissions trading mitigates the negative effects of carbon emission trading. Carbon trading suppresses (improves) financial performance (if implemented alongside energy-use rights trading). The addition of energy-use rights or green electricity trading in regions already covered by carbon or pollution markets has no significant effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiantian Yang & Richard S. J. Tol, 2025. "Interactions Between Multiple Environmental Markets: Addressing Contamination Bias in Overlapping Policies," Papers 2509.26403, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2509.26403
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Ge & Zhang, Qi & Su, Bin & Shen, Bo & Li, Yan & Li, Zhengjun, 2021. "Coordination of tradable carbon emission permits market and renewable electricity certificates market in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Zhang, Xinyue & Guo, Xiaopeng & Zhang, Xingping, 2023. "Assessing the policy synergy among power, carbon emissions trading and tradable green certificate market mechanisms on strategic GENCOs in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    3. Xu, Yiqing, 2017. "Generalized Synthetic Control Method: Causal Inference with Interactive Fixed Effects Models," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(1), pages 57-76, January.
    4. Zhou, Anhua & Xin, Ling & Li, Jun, 2022. "Assessing the impact of the carbon market on the improvement of China's energy and carbon emission performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    5. Jushan Bai, 2009. "Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(4), pages 1229-1279, July.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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