IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aaae13/160483.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Modeling Nigerian Government Revenues and Total Expenditure: An Error Correction Model Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ayinde, Kayode
  • Bello, Aliyu A.
  • Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo

Abstract

The national total expenditure of a country is precipitated on several factors of which revenue generated could be one and very significant. This paper therefore examines the contribution of some selected sources of Nigerian government revenue to total national expenditure. Secondary data sourced and collected from Nigerian Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank for a period of thirty nine (39) years were used. Statistical and econometric techniques used for the data analysis are unit root test, cointegration test and the error correction model (ECM). Results showed that the original variables are non stationary but are stationary at first difference. Further investigations resulted into the use of the error correction model whose parameters’ estimation was improved by the use of Feasible Generalized Linear (FGLS) Estimator. Findings revealed significant contribution of oil revenue, federation account (federal allocation) and federal retained revenue to the Nigeria total expenditure and that Nigeria may need to be very cautious as non-availability of revenue from these sources points to non-expenditure. These become very essential if the country will have to achieve its developmental goals and objectives towards development and economic growth, among other things.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayinde, Kayode & Bello, Aliyu A. & Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo, 2013. "Modeling Nigerian Government Revenues and Total Expenditure: An Error Correction Model Approach," 2013 Fourth International Conference, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia 160483, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaae13:160483
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.160483
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/160483/files/Modeling%20Nigerian%20Government%20Revenues.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.160483?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hoover, Kevin D & Sheffrin, Steven M, 1992. "Causation, Spending, and Taxes: Sand in the Sandbox or Tax Collector for the Welfare State?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(1), pages 225-248, March.
    2. Kevin L. Ross & James E. Payne, 1998. "A Reexamination of Budgetary Disequilibria," Public Finance Review, , vol. 26(1), pages 67-79, January.
    3. Ludvigson, Sydney, 1996. "The macroeconomic effects of government debt in a stochastic growth model," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 25-45, August.
    4. Oluwole Owoye, 1995. "The causal relationship between taxes and expenditures in the G7 countries: cointegration and error-correction models," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 19-22.
    5. von Furstenberg, George M & Green, R Jeffrey & Jeong, Jin-Ho, 1986. "Tax and Spend, or Spend and Tax?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 68(2), pages 179-188, May.
    6. Barro, Robert J, 1990. "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 103-126, October.
    7. Araujo, Jorge Thompson & Martins, Marco A. C., 1999. "Economic growth with finite lifetimes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(3), pages 377-381, March.
    8. Meltzer, Allan H & Richard, Scott F, 1981. "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 914-927, October.
    9. David E. Bloom & David Canning & Jaypee Sevilla, 2001. "The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 8587, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Martin Zagler & Georg Dürnecker, 2003. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 397-418, July.
    11. Paul R. Blackley, 1986. "Causality Between Revenues and Expenditures and the Size of the Federal Budget," Public Finance Review, , vol. 14(2), pages 139-156, April.
    12. Jones, Jonathan D. & Joulfaian, David, 1991. "Federal govemment expenditures and revenues in the early years of the American republic: Evidence from 1792 to 1860," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 133-155.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo & Ilori, T. E. & Ayinde, K. & Babatunde, R. O., 2015. "Analysis of the Behaviour of Prices of Major Staple Foods in West Africa: A Case Study of Nigeria," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 7(4), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Ayinde, Opeyemi & Ilori, T.E. & Babatunde, R.O., 2015. "Impact Of Government Agricultural Policies On The Major Staple Food Prices In Nigeria (1966 - 2011)," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211188, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kayode Ayinde & Aliyu A. Bello & Opeyemi E. Ayinde & Damilola. B. Adekanmbi, 2015. "Modeling Nigerian Government Revenues and Total Expenditure: Combined Estimators’ Analysis and Error Correction Model Approach," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-14, March.
    2. A. Phiri, 2019. "Asymmetries in the revenue–expenditure nexus: new evidence from South Africa," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 1515-1547, May.
    3. Yaya Keho, 2010. "Spending Cuts or Tax Adjustments: How Can UEMOA Countries Control Their Budget Deficits?," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 9(3), pages 233-252, December.
    4. Ali F. Darrat, 1998. "Tax and Spend, or Spend and Tax? An Inquiry into the Turkish Budgetary Process," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 64(4), pages 940-956, April.
    5. GHARTEY, Edward E., 2010. "Government Expenditures And Revenues Causation: Some Caribbean Empirical Evidence," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(2).
    6. Luis Gil-Alana, 2009. "Government Expenditures and Revenues: Evidence of Fractional Cointegration in an Asymmetric Modeling," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 15(2), pages 143-155, May.
    7. Nadeem Iqbal & Wasim Shahid Malik, 2010. "Budget Balance: Through Revenue or Spending Adjustment: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 611-630.
    8. Martin Zagler & Georg Dürnecker, 2003. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 397-418, July.
    9. Yashobanta, Yashobanta Parida & smruti, Smruti Ranjan Behera, 2012. "Causal Link between Central Government Revenue and Expenditure: Evidence for India," MPRA Paper 43072, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Edward Ghartey, 2010. "Cointegration and Causal Relationship between Taxes and Spending for Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 267-282.
    11. Francisco de Castro & José M. González-Páramo & Pablo Hernández de Cos, 2001. "Evaluating the dynamics of fiscal policy in Spain: patterns of interdependence and consistency of public expenditure and revenues," Working Papers 0103, Banco de España.
    12. Bradley T. Ewing & James E. Payne & Mark A. Thompson & Omar M. Al‐Zoubi, 2006. "Government Expenditures and Revenues: Evidence from Asymmetric Modeling," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 73(1), pages 190-200, July.
    13. George A. Vamvoukas, 2011. "Panel Data Modeling and the Tax-Spend Controversy in the Euro Zone," Post-Print hal-00716629, HAL.
    14. James Payne, 1997. "The tax-spend debate: the case of Canada," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(6), pages 381-386.
    15. Nemanja Lojanica, 2015. "Government Expenditure and Government Revenue: The Causality on the Example of the Republic of Serbia," MIC 2015: Managing Sustainable Growth; Proceedings of the Joint International Conference, Portorož, Slovenia, 28–30 May 2015,, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper.
    16. Trachanas, Emmanouil & Katrakilidis, Constantinos, 2013. "Fiscal deficits under financial pressure and insolvency: Evidence for Italy, Greece and Spain," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 730-749.
    17. Nithin K, 2015. "The Case of Revenue versus Expenditure Optimization in India," Working Papers 1528, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade.
    18. repec:kap:iaecre:v:15:y:2009:i:2:p:143-155 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Takumah, Wisdom, 2014. "The Dynamic Causal Relationship between Government Revenue and Government Expenditure Nexus in Ghana," MPRA Paper 58579, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Shyh-Wei Chen, 2008. "Untangling the web of causalities among four disaggregate government expenditures, government revenue and output in Taiwan," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 99-107.
    21. Narayan, Paresh Kumar, 2005. "The government revenue and government expenditure nexus: empirical evidence from nine Asian countries," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 1203-1216, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:aaae13:160483. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aaaeaea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.