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The Foreign Exchange Allocation Policy in Postwar Japan: Its Institutional Framework and Function

In: Changes in Exchange Rates in Rapidly Developing Countries: Theory, Practice, and Policy Issues

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  • Tetsuji Okazaki
  • Takafumi Korenaga

Abstract

In this paper we will make clear the institutional framework and function of the foreign exchange allocation system in 1950's Japan. Until trade liberalization progressed in the first half of 1960's, MITI executed de facto import quota by means of this system, which generated substantial amount of rent. In order to restrain rent-seeking activities, MITI set clear and objective criteria for foreign exchange allocation by firm, which were in many cases based on export performance and production capacity of each firm, and announced them publicly. This method caused competition to acquire rent thorough foreign exchange allocation among private enterprises, and promoted export and investment. We will quantify the criteria using firm-level data of foreign exchange allocation and also analyze their function through estimating export and investment functions.
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Suggested Citation

  • Tetsuji Okazaki & Takafumi Korenaga, 1999. "The Foreign Exchange Allocation Policy in Postwar Japan: Its Institutional Framework and Function," NBER Chapters, in: Changes in Exchange Rates in Rapidly Developing Countries: Theory, Practice, and Policy Issues, pages 311-340, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberch:8624
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    1. Jagdish N. Bhagwati, 1978. "Appendix to "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes"," NBER Chapters, in: Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes, pages 219-221, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Jagdish N. Bhagwati, 1978. "Anatomy of Exchange Control Regimes," NBER Chapters, in: Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes, pages 7-52, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Jagdish N. Bhagwati, 1978. "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number bhag78-1, October.
    4. Anne O. Krueger, 1978. "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Liberalization Attempts and Consequences," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number krue78-1, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Takagi, Shinji, 2026. "Fugitive or Orphan? The Shanghai Yen in the Early Days of the Sino-Japanese War, 1938-1939," AGI Working Paper Series 2026-04, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    2. Shinji Takagi, 2026. "Fugitive or orphan? The Shanghai yen in the early days of the Sino‐Japanese war, 1938–1939," Asia-Pacific Economic History Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 66(1), pages 58-80, March.
    3. Kozo KIYOTA & Tetsuji OKAZAKI, 2013. "Effects of Industrial Policy on Productivity: The case of import quota removal during postwar Japan," Discussion papers 13093, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    4. Kiyota, Kozo & Okazaki, Tetsuji, 2016. "Assessing the effects of Japanese industrial policy change during the 1960s," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 31-42.
    5. Tetsuji Okazaki, 2017. "Development state evolving: Japan's graduation from a middle income country," CIGS Working Paper Series 17-007E, The Canon Institute for Global Studies.
    6. Okazaki, Tetsuji & Korenaga, Takafumi, 1999. "Foreign exchange allocation and productivity growth in post-war Japan: a case of the wool industry," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 267-285, April.
    7. Tetsuji Okazaki, 2017. "Development State Evolving: Japan’s Graduation from a Middle Income Country," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1063, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    8. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi, 2018. "Solving Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with quadratic-growth drivers by Connecting the Short-term Expansions," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1086, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.

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