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Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2013: políticas de PYMES para el cambio estructural

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Abstract

Los países de América Latina enfrentan un escenario económico complejo debido al debilitamiento del crecimiento y a la incertidumbre prevaleciente en la economía internacional. Si bien los fundamentos macroeconómicos de la región para enfrentar posibles caídas de la demanda agregada en el corto plazo son sólidos, el escenario de mediano plazo es menos favorable que en la última década. Debido al menor dinamismo de la demanda externa y a la volatilidad en el precio de las materias primas, de las cuales los países latinoamericanos siguen dependiendo en exceso, las debilidades estructurales impedirían alcanzar un crecimiento económico mayor y más incluyente durante los próximos años. Para afrontar estos retos y afianzar el progreso reciente, en especial en reducción de la pobreza y las desigualdades, se requiere impulsar un cambio estructural que favorezca la diversificación de la economía, incremente la productividad y reduzca las brechas productivas y tecnológicas. Es aconsejable que, para lograr estos objetivos, los gobiernos de la región redoblen sus esfuerzos en el diseño e implementación de más y mejores políticas de desarrollo productivo, innovación, financiamiento y educación. La cooperación y la integración económica entre los países pueden también ser instrumentos eficaces para generar el aprendizaje mutuo y el dinamismo necesarios en el actual contexto. Estos temas se analizan en la presente edición de Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2013, fruto del trabajo conjunto del Centro de Desarrollo de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). En el informe se proponen políticas destinadas a transformar a las pequeñas y medianas empresas latinoamericanas en agentes de cambio, con el objetivo de aumentar su productividad y competitividad, así como de aprovechar al máximo su potencial para generar empleos de calidad.

Suggested Citation

  • -, 2012. "Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2013: políticas de PYMES para el cambio estructural," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1463 edited by Ocde.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col013:1463
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    File URL: http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/1463
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    2. Sébastien Miroudot & Rainer Lanz & Alexandros Ragoussis, 2009. "Trade in Intermediate Goods and Services," OECD Trade Policy Papers 93, OECD Publishing.
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