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Wählen in der Pandemie: Herausforderungen und Konsequenzen

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  • Leininger, Arndt
  • Wagner, Aiko

Abstract

Die Herausforderungen durch das Coronavirus erfassen alle Lebensbereiche, nicht zuletzt die Politik im „Superwahljahr“ 2021. Anders als z. B. Sportveranstaltungen können Wahlen jedoch nicht einfach abgesagt, verschoben oder ohne Zuschauer:innen durchgeführt werden. Während in Israel während des Ausbruchs der Epidemie Anfang März spezielle Wahllokale mit medizinischem Personal in Schutzkleidung für unter Quarantäne stehende Wähler:innen eingerichtet wurden, haben in den USA einige Bundesstaaten die Vorwahlen verschoben. Bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen im November kam es dann zur Nutzung der Briefwahl in einem nie dagewesenen Ausmaß, was die Bekanntgabe der offiziellen Ergebnisse um Tage verzögerte, während derer Präsident Trump die Legitimität der Auszählung angriff. Auch für die Bundestagswahl im September 2021 rechnet der Bundeswahlleiter mit neuen Rekordwerten für die Briefwahl.In diesem Beitrag befassen wir uns mit dem Wählen während der globalen Corona-Krise. Vor welche Herausforderungen stellt die Pandemie die repräsentative Demokratie und welche Folgen ergeben sich daraus? Wir diskutieren diese Frage primär mit Blick auf etablierte Demokratien wie die Bundesrepublik anhand zweier Prämissen: Die Corona-Pandemie kann sich, erstens, direkt auf die Entscheidung der Wähler:innen auswirken und, zweitens, indirekt über die Auswirkungen auf den Wahlkampf und die Durchführung der Wahl. Wir gehen dabei davon aus, dass unsere Überlegungen nicht nur unmittelbar für die bevorstehenden Wahlen in diesem Jahr in der Bundesrepublik relevant sind, sondern im weiteren Verlauf des 21. Jahrhunderts erneut an Relevanz gewinnen könnten, denn leider steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit von weiteren Pandemien in der Zukunft (Gavi 2020). Aufgrund der globalen Erwärmung werden zudem neben Pandemien auch Naturkatastrophen wie Stürme, Überschwemmungen, Waldbrände und Dürren voraussichtlich sowohl in ihrer Häufigkeit als auch in ihrer Intensität zunehmen, sodass die kommenden Wahlen nicht die letzten unter Krisenbedingungen gewesen sein könnten.

Suggested Citation

  • Leininger, Arndt & Wagner, Aiko, 2021. "Wählen in der Pandemie: Herausforderungen und Konsequenzen," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 31(1), pages 91-100.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:233098
    DOI: 10.1007/s41358-021-00255-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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