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Unveiling the Drivers of Competitiveness: A Study Across Latin America and Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Ivan Ricardo Ruiz Castro
  • Melva Inés Gómez–Caicedo
  • Mercedes Gaitán–Angulo
  • Manuel Ignacio Balaguera
  • Juan Antonio Marmolejo

Abstract

The measurement of competitiveness requires the consideration of factors specific to a region or country. This article addresses the identification of a basic set of factors that, in comparison with European countries, impact the competitiveness of Latin American countries. A retrospective nonexperimental design was carried out by conducting non‐parametric correlation analysis, testing subsequently with multiple linear regression analysis, as well as structural equation analysis. Next, different predictive models were considered, and the four main variables explaining competitiveness in Europe and Latin America were identified from the Global Competitiveness Report. The selected independent variables were: incidence of corruption, buyers sophistication, pay‐productivity ratio, and investment in research and development. The analyzed models satisfactorily met the assumptions and showed an adequate fit. Two models are reported which synthesize relevant factors explaining the competitiveness of the analyzed countries, favoring a parsimonious approach to the explanation of this variable. 竞争力的衡量需要考虑地区或国家的特定因素。本文研究的问题是确定一组基本因素, 与欧洲国家相比, 这些因素影响着拉丁美洲国家的竞争力。通过进行非参数相关性分析, 随后进行多元线性回归分析和结构方程分析, 完成了一项回顾性非实验设计。考量了不同的预测模型, 从《全球竞争力报告》中确定了用于解释欧洲和拉丁美洲竞争力的四个主要变量。选定的独立变量是:腐败发生率、买家复杂度、薪酬‐生产率比、研发投资。所分析的模型满足了假设并显示出充分的拟合度。报告了两个模型, 后者综合了一系列相关因素, 用于解释所分析国家的竞争力, 偏好采用简约的方法来解释该变量。 La medición de la competitividad requiere la consideración de factores específicos de la región o país. El problema abordado en este artículo es la identificación de un conjunto básico de factores que, en comparación con los países europeos, impactan la competitividad de los países latinoamericanos. Se llevó a cabo un diseño no experimental retrospectivo, mediante la realización de análisis de correlación no paramétricos, probando posteriormente análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, así como análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. A continuación, se consideraron diferentes modelos predictivos, a partir de los cuales se identificaron las cuatro principales variables explicativas de la competitividad en Europa y América Latina a partir del Informe de Competitividad Global. Las variables independientes seleccionadas fueron: incidencia de la corrupción, sofisticación de los compradores, relación pago‐productividad e inversión en investigación y desarrollo. Los modelos analizados cumplieron satisfactoriamente los supuestos y mostraron un ajuste adecuado. Se reportan dos modelos que sintetizan factores relevantes que explican la competitividad de los países analizados, favoreciendo un enfoque parsimonioso en la explicación de esta variable.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivan Ricardo Ruiz Castro & Melva Inés Gómez–Caicedo & Mercedes Gaitán–Angulo & Manuel Ignacio Balaguera & Juan Antonio Marmolejo, 2025. "Unveiling the Drivers of Competitiveness: A Study Across Latin America and Europe," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 188(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:188:y:2025:i:1:n:e12063
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12063
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    References listed on IDEAS

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