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Empirical Estimation of the Conditional Probability of Natech Events Within the United States

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  • Nicholas Santella
  • Laura J. Steinberg
  • Gloria Andrea Aguirra

Abstract

Natural disasters are the cause of a sizeable number of hazmat releases, referred to as “natechs.” An enhanced understanding of natech probability, allowing for predictions of natech occurrence, is an important step in determining how industry and government should mitigate natech risk. This study quantifies the conditional probabilities of natechs at TRI/RMP and SICS 1311 facilities given the occurrence of hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods. During hurricanes, a higher probability of releases was observed due to storm surge (7.3 releases per 100 TRI/RMP facilities exposed vs. 6.2 for SIC 1311) compared to category 1–2 hurricane winds (5.6 TRI, 2.6 SIC 1311). Logistic regression confirms the statistical significance of the greater propensity for releases at RMP/TRI facilities, and during some hurricanes, when controlling for hazard zone. The probability of natechs at TRI/RMP facilities during earthquakes increased from 0.1 releases per 100 facilities at MMI V to 21.4 at MMI IX. The probability of a natech at TRI/RMP facilities within 25 miles of a tornado was small (∼0.025 per 100 facilities), reflecting the limited area directly affected by tornadoes. Areas inundated during flood events had a probability of 1.1 releases per 100 facilities but demonstrated widely varying natech occurrence during individual events, indicating that factors not quantified in this study such as flood depth and speed are important for predicting flood natechs. These results can inform natech risk analysis, aid government agencies responsible for planning response and remediation after natural disasters, and should be useful in raising awareness of natech risk within industry.

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  • Nicholas Santella & Laura J. Steinberg & Gloria Andrea Aguirra, 2011. "Empirical Estimation of the Conditional Probability of Natech Events Within the United States," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(6), pages 951-968, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:951-968
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01561.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura Steinberg & Hatice Sengul & Ana Cruz, 2008. "Natech risk and management: an assessment of the state of the art," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 46(2), pages 143-152, August.
    2. Elisabeth Krausmann & Fesil Mushtaq, 2008. "A qualitative Natech damage scale for the impact of floods on selected industrial facilities," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 46(2), pages 179-197, August.
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    6. Pamela Sands Showalter & Mary Fran Myers, 1994. "Natural Disasters in the United States as Release Agents of Oil, Chemicals, or Radiological Materials Between 1980‐1989: Analysis and Recommendations," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(2), pages 169-182, April.
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    2. Lan, Meng & Gardoni, Paolo & Qin, Rongshui & Zhang, Xiao & Zhu, Jiping & Lo, Siuming, 2022. "Modeling NaTech-related domino effects in process clusters: A network-based approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    3. Thomas J. Huggins & Lili Yang & Didier Sornette, 2021. "Introduction to the Special Issue on Cascading Disaster Modelling and Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-4, April.
    4. Gianluca Pescaroli & David Alexander, 2018. "Understanding Compound, Interconnected, Interacting, and Cascading Risks: A Holistic Framework," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(11), pages 2245-2257, November.
    5. Bernier, Carl & Gidaris, Ioannis & Balomenos, Georgios P. & Padgett, Jamie E., 2019. "Assessing the accessibility of petrochemical facilities during storm surge events," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 155-167.

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