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Financial Technology and Poverty Reduction: The Role of Financial Inclusion in Asian Developing Countries

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  • Sulaiman Abdullah Saif Alnasser Mohammed

Abstract

This study delves into the relationship between financial technology (fintech) development and poverty reduction in Asia, focusing on the intermediary role of financial inclusion. Examining data from 12 developing Asian countries spanning from the fourth quarter of 2004–2017 and considering variables such as gross domestic product, trade openness, and the rule of law, the study employs a two‐step methodology. Firstly, it utilizes principal component analysis to construct indices for financial inclusion, poverty, and economic factors. Subsequently, cross‐sectional modeling is conducted using strongly balanced panel data in Stata to explore the relationships. The findings consistently show that increased financial inclusion correlates with lower poverty levels, indicating that inclusive financial systems positively impact poverty reduction. The study identifies financial inclusion as a crucial mediator between financial technology and poverty. It underscores the significance of financial inclusion in mediating the relationship between fintech and poverty reduction, shedding light on the evolving dynamics of fintech advancements and their implications for poverty alleviation. Furthermore, the research reveals the intricate interplay between economic factors, such as changes in gross domestic product, trade openness, and the rule of law, and their influence on the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty reduction. The study's originality lies in its contribution to the ongoing discourse on measuring poverty and financial inclusion, particularly in Asia. By creating an index and employing panel data regression modeling on a large data set, the study extends previous research on poverty levels in Asian countries. Moreover, it highlights the significant roles of mobile penetration, Internet usage, and financial inclusion in the nexus between financial access and poverty reduction. It provides insights relevant to policymakers, particularly in the context of development plans and competitive advantages in regions like Saudi Arabia's Hai'l. 本研究分析了亚洲金融科技发展与减贫之间的关系, 聚焦于普惠金融的中介作用。研究采用一项由两部分组成的方法, 分析了亚洲12个发展中国家2004年第四季度至2017年的数据, 考虑了国内生产总值、贸易开放度和法治等变量。首先, 利用主成分分析, 为普惠金融、贫困和经济因素构建指数。然后, 使用Stata中的强平衡面板数据进行横断面建模, 以探究这些关系。研究结果一致表明, 普惠金融的提高与贫困水平的降低存在关联, 这表明包容性金融体系对减贫具有积极影响。本研究将普惠金融视为金融科技与贫困之间的一个关键中介因素。强调了普惠金融在调节金融科技与减贫关系中的重要性, 并揭示了金融科技进步的动态演变及其对减贫的启示。此外, 本研究揭示了国内生产总值变化、贸易开放度和法治等经济因素之间错综复杂的相互作用, 以及它们对“普惠金融与减贫之间的关系”的影响。本研究的独创性在于它对那些衡量贫困和普惠金融的持续话语 (尤其是在亚洲) 作贡献。通过创建指数并对一项大型数据集运用面板数据回归建模, 本研究扩展了关于亚洲国家贫困水平的以往研究。此外, 本研究还强调了移动设备普及率、互联网使用和普惠金融在“金融可及性与减贫之间的关系”中的重要作用。本研究为政策制定者提供了相关见解, 尤其是在沙特阿拉伯哈伊勒等地区的发展规划和竞争优势方面。 Este estudio profundiza en la relación entre el desarrollo de la tecnología financiera (fintech) y la reducción de la pobreza en Asia, centrándose en el papel intermediario de la inclusión financiera. Examinando datos de 12 países asiáticos en desarrollo, desde el cuarto trimestre de 2004 hasta 2017, y considerando variables como el producto interno bruto, la apertura comercial y el estado de derecho, el estudio emplea una metodología de dos pasos. En primer lugar, utiliza el análisis de componentes principales para construir índices de inclusión financiera, pobreza y factores económicos. Posteriormente, se realiza un modelo transversal utilizando datos de panel fuertemente balanceados en Stata para explorar las relaciones. Los hallazgos muestran consistentemente que una mayor inclusión financiera se correlaciona con menores niveles de pobreza, lo que indica que los sistemas financieros inclusivos impactan positivamente en la reducción de la pobreza. El estudio identifica la inclusión financiera como un mediador crucial entre la tecnología financiera y la pobreza. Subraya la importancia de la inclusión financiera en la mediación de la relación entre la fintech y la reducción de la pobreza, arrojando luz sobre la dinámica cambiante de los avances en fintech y sus implicaciones para el alivio de la pobreza. Además, la investigación revela la intrincada interacción entre factores económicos, como las variaciones del producto interior bruto, la apertura comercial y el Estado de derecho, y su influencia en la relación entre la inclusión financiera y la reducción de la pobreza. La originalidad del estudio reside en su contribución al debate actual sobre la medición de la pobreza y la inclusión financiera, especialmente en Asia. Mediante la creación de un índice y el empleo de modelos de regresión de datos de panel en un amplio conjunto de datos, el estudio amplía investigaciones previas sobre los niveles de pobreza en países asiáticos. Asimismo, destaca el importante papel de la penetración de la telefonía móvil, el uso de internet y la inclusión financiera en el vínculo entre el acceso financiero y la reducción de la pobreza. Proporciona información relevante para los responsables políticos, en particular en el contexto de los planes de desarrollo y las ventajas competitivas en regiones como Hai'l, Arabia Saudí.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulaiman Abdullah Saif Alnasser Mohammed, 2025. "Financial Technology and Poverty Reduction: The Role of Financial Inclusion in Asian Developing Countries," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:17:y:2025:i:2:n:e70022
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.70022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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