IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/jforec/v44y2025i2p424-435.html

Predicting Equity Premium: A New Momentum Indicator Selection Strategy With Machine Learning

Author

Listed:
  • Yong Qu
  • Ying Yuan

Abstract

We propose a new momentum‐determined indicator‐switching (N‐MDIS) strategy, harnessing the power of machine learning to enhance the accuracy of equity premium prediction. Specifically, we re‐examine the regime‐dependent feature of univariate predictive regression relative to the benchmark. Furthermore, we investigate the prediction mechanism of the momentum‐determined indicator‐switching (MDIS) strategy and validate the significance of market regime information for the MDIS. Our findings demonstrate an overwhelmingly superior ex‐post forecasting performance compared with the MDIS. More notably, our empirical results substantiate that machine learning greatly aids in momentum indicator selection. The results show that the N‐MDIS with machine learning generates more accurate ex‐ante equity premium forecasts than both MDIS strategy and N‐MDIS strategy with logistic regression, yielding statistically and economically significant results. Moreover, our new approach exhibits robust forecasting performance across a series of robustness tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Yong Qu & Ying Yuan, 2025. "Predicting Equity Premium: A New Momentum Indicator Selection Strategy With Machine Learning," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 424-435, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:jforec:v:44:y:2025:i:2:p:424-435
    DOI: 10.1002/for.3200
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3200
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/for.3200?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Faria, Gonçalo & Verona, Fabio, 2018. "Forecasting stock market returns by summing the frequency-decomposed parts," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 228-242.
    2. Jonathan Iworiso & Spyridon Vrontos, 2020. "On the directional predictability of equity premium using machine learning techniques," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 449-469, April.
    3. Ferreira, Miguel A. & Santa-Clara, Pedro, 2011. "Forecasting stock market returns: The sum of the parts is more than the whole," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 514-537, June.
    4. John Y. Campbell & Samuel B. Thompson, 2008. "Predicting Excess Stock Returns Out of Sample: Can Anything Beat the Historical Average?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 1509-1531, July.
    5. Shihao Gu & Bryan Kelly & Dacheng Xiu, 2020. "Empirical Asset Pricing via Machine Learning," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 33(5), pages 2223-2273.
    6. Tim Bollerslev & George Tauchen & Hao Zhou, 2009. "Expected Stock Returns and Variance Risk Premia," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(11), pages 4463-4492, November.
    7. Dashan Huang & Fuwei Jiang & Jun Tu & Guofu Zhou, 2015. "Investor Sentiment Aligned: A Powerful Predictor of Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(3), pages 791-837.
    8. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Huan, 2020. "Stock return predictability from a mixed model perspective," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    9. Christopher J. Neely & David E. Rapach & Jun Tu & Guofu Zhou, 2014. "Forecasting the Equity Risk Premium: The Role of Technical Indicators," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(7), pages 1772-1791, July.
    10. Hongwei Zhang & Qiang He & Ben Jacobsen & Fuwei Jiang, 2020. "Forecasting stock returns with model uncertainty and parameter instability," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(5), pages 629-644, August.
    11. Ivo Welch & Amit Goyal, 2008. "A Comprehensive Look at The Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 1455-1508, July.
    12. Hai Lin & Chunchi Wu & Guofu Zhou, 2018. "Forecasting Corporate Bond Returns with a Large Set of Predictors: An Iterated Combination Approach," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(9), pages 4218-4238, September.
    13. David E. Rapach & Jack K. Strauss & Guofu Zhou, 2013. "International Stock Return Predictability: What Is the Role of the United States?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(4), pages 1633-1662, August.
    14. Baltas, Nick & Karyampas, Dimitrios, 2018. "Forecasting the equity risk premium: The importance of regime-dependent evaluation," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 83-102.
    15. Dai, Zhifeng & Kang, Jie & Wen, Fenghua, 2021. "Predicting stock returns: A risk measurement perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    16. Pan, Zheyao & Chan, Kam Fong, 2018. "A new government bond volatility index predictor for the U.S. equity premium," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 200-215.
    17. David E. Rapach & Jack K. Strauss & Guofu Zhou, 2010. "Out-of-Sample Equity Premium Prediction: Combination Forecasts and Links to the Real Economy," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(2), pages 821-862, February.
    18. Pan, Zhiyuan & Pettenuzzo, Davide & Wang, Yudong, 2020. "Forecasting stock returns: A predictor-constrained approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 200-217.
    19. Clark, Todd E. & West, Kenneth D., 2007. "Approximately normal tests for equal predictive accuracy in nested models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 138(1), pages 291-311, May.
    20. Manela, Asaf & Moreira, Alan, 2017. "News implied volatility and disaster concerns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(1), pages 137-162.
    21. Zhang, Yaojie & Wei, Yu & Ma, Feng & Yi, Yongsheng, 2019. "Economic constraints and stock return predictability: A new approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-9.
    22. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Huan, 2021. "Indicator selection and stock return predictability," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    23. Shihao Gu & Bryan Kelly & Dacheng Xiu, 2020. "Empirical Asset Pricing via Machine Learning," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(5), pages 2223-2273.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yuan, Ying & Qu, Yong & Wang, Tianyang, 2025. "Predicting risk premiums: A constraint-based model," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Zhikai Zhang & Yaojie Zhang & Yudong Wang, 2024. "Forecasting the equity premium using weighted regressions: Does the jump variation help?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(5), pages 2049-2082, May.
    3. Yuan, Ying & Qu, Yong & Qiao, Sijia, 2025. "Equity premium prediction: A constraint-based predictor decomposition approach," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Dai, Zhifeng & Jiang, Fuwei & Kang, Jie & Xue, Bowen, 2025. "Stock return predictability in the frequency domain," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 1126-1147.
    5. Yaojie Zhang & Mengxi He & Zhikai Zhang, 2024. "Forecasting stock returns with industry volatility concentration," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(7), pages 2705-2730, November.
    6. Maung, Kenwin & Swanson, Norman R., 2025. "A survey of models and methods used for forecasting when investing in financial markets," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 1355-1382.
    7. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Huan, 2020. "Stock return predictability from a mixed model perspective," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    8. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Huan, 2021. "Indicator selection and stock return predictability," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    9. Dai, Zhifeng & Dong, Xiaodi & Kang, Jie & Hong, Lianying, 2020. "Forecasting stock market returns: New technical indicators and two-step economic constraint method," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    10. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Huan & Kang, Jie, 2021. "New technical indicators and stock returns predictability," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 127-142.
    11. Dai, Zhifeng & Kang, Jie & Wen, Fenghua, 2021. "Predicting stock returns: A risk measurement perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Wen, Danyan & Liu, Li & Wang, Yudong & Zhang, Yaojie, 2022. "Forecasting crude oil market returns: Enhanced moving average technical indicators," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    13. Smith, Simon C., 2021. "International stock return predictability," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Gonçalo Faria & Fabio Verona, 2016. "Forecasting the equity risk premium with frequency-decomposed predictors," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 06, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    15. , & Stein, Tobias, 2021. "Equity premium predictability over the business cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 16357, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    16. Gonçalo Faria & Fabio Verona, 2016. "Forecasting the equity risk premium with frequency-decomposed predictors," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 06, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    17. Huang, Dashan & Li, Jiangyuan & Wang, Liyao, 2021. "Are disagreements agreeable? Evidence from information aggregation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 83-101.
    18. Zhifeng Dai & Huiting Zhou, 2020. "Prediction of Stock Returns: Sum-of-the-Parts Method and Economic Constraint Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
    19. Hyder Ali & Salma Naz, 2025. "Forecasting Equity Premium in the Face of Climate Policy Uncertainty," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 513-546, March.
    20. Wang, Yunqi & Zhou, Ti, 2023. "Out-of-sample equity premium prediction: The role of option-implied constraints," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 199-226.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:jforec:v:44:y:2025:i:2:p:424-435. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/2966 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.