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Experimental evidence on an economic model of taxpayer aggression under strategic and nonstrategic audits

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  • PAUL J. BECK
  • JON S. DAVIS
  • WOON†OH JUNG

Abstract

. Economic models of tax reporting were tested experimentally. Subjects were given endowments and made tax reporting decisions subject to monetary penalties for underpayment of taxes and uncertainty about the amount of taxable income and the tax agency's cutoff point for audit selection. Two types of tax audit regimes were considered. In the first (nonstrategic audit regime), subjects faced a fixed probability of audit selection. A second (strategic) audit regime also was examined in which the probability of audit selection varied in response to tax reports as in the Reinganum and Wilde (1988), Beck and Jung (1989b), and Jung (1991a) models. Five hypotheses based on the comparative statics predictions of the models were tested and four were supported by the experimental data. Among the noteworthy findings are that tax rate changes have significant effects on reporting decisions under both audit regimes, rather than just under the strategic audit regime as hypothesized. A reduction (increase) in taxable income uncertainty induces subjects to report a low level of income significantly more (less) often under strategic auditing, but does not have a significant effect on income reports when audit policies are nonstrategic. The effects of changes in the level of uncertainty about the audit cutoff point are also investigated and found to depend upon the benefit of conducting an audit. Finally, we find that subjects generally report a low income more frequently than predicted by either the strategic or nonstrategic models. Résumé. Les auteurs ont mis à l'épreuve les modèles économiques de présentation de l'information fiscale au moyen de l'expérimentation. Les sujets se sont vu attribuer une dotation et ont pris des décisions relatives à la présentation de l'information fiscale, décisions assujetties à des pénalités monétaires s'appliquant aux impôts payés en moins et à l'incertitude relativement au montant du revenu imposable ainsi qu'au seuil de démarcation utilisé par les autorités fiscales pour sélectionner les entreprises devant faire l'objet d'une vérification. Deux types de régimes de vérification fiscale ont été analysés. Dans le premier cas (régime de vérification non stratégique), les sujets avaient affaire à une probabilité fixe d'être sélectionnés en vue d'une vérification. Dans le second (régime de vérification stratégique), la probabilité de sélection variait selon les rapports présentés au fisc, comme dans les modèles de Reinganum et Wilde (1988), Beck et Jung (1989b) et Jung (1991a). Cinq hypothèses fondées sur les prédictions statiques comparatives des modèles ont été testées, et quatre d'entre elles ont été confirmées par les résultats de l'expérience. Parmi les conclusions dignes de mention figure le fait que les modifications du taux d'imposition ont une incidence significative sur les décisions relatives à la présentation de l'information dans les deux régimes de vérification, et non pas seulement dans le régime de vérification stratégique, comme les auteurs l'avaient supposé. Une réduction (augmentation) de l'incertitude relative au revenu imposable incite les sujets à faire état d'un faible niveau de bénéfices beaucoup plus (moins) souvent dans le cas de vérifications stratégiques, mais n'a pas d'incidence marquée sur l'information présentée relativement aux bénéfices lorsque le régime de vérification est non stratégique. Les conséquences des changements dans le niveau d'incertitude relatif au seuil de démarcation de la vérification fiscale ont aussi été analysées, ce qui a permis d'établir qu'elles dépendent des avantages que comporte la vérification. Enfin, les auteurs ont constaté que les sujets faisaient état, en général, de faibles bénéfices plus souvent que prévu par leurs modèles, qu'ils soient stratégiques ou non stratégiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul J. Beck & Jon S. Davis & Woon†Oh Jung, 1992. "Experimental evidence on an economic model of taxpayer aggression under strategic and nonstrategic audits," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(1), pages 86-112, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:9:y:1992:i:1:p:86-112
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1992.tb00871.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kamm, Aaron & Koch, Christian & Nikiforakis, Nikos, 2017. "The ghost of institutions past: History as an obstacle to fighting tax evasion," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168271, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, revised 2017.
    2. Kühne, Daniela, 2020. "Reaction to ambiguity as a signal for tax reporting aggressiveness: Evidence from German income tax return data," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-44-20, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    3. Blaufus, Kay & Hundsdoerfer, Jochen & Jacob, Martin & Sünwoldt, Matthias, 2016. "Does legality matter? The case of tax avoidance and evasion," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 182-206.
    4. James, Simon & Edwards, Alison, 2010. "An annotated bibliography of tax compliance and tax compliance costs," MPRA Paper 26106, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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