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“The risks cannot be compensated”: The willingness to donate DNA for science and its relationship with economic preferences

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  • Richard Karlsson Linnér
  • Manisha Jain

Abstract

The accumulation of large genetic data is crucial for the scientific advancement of genetic research and precision medicine, but various participation biases threaten the validity of genetic research data sets. To better understand the decision to participate and its relationship with economic incentives and preferences, we studied the stated willingness to donate DNA for science by saliva sample in a representative panel of Dutch households. There were two randomized treatments, varying (i) the information material on benefits and risks and (ii) the intended financial incentive. The first treatment had no detectable effect, suggesting insensitivity to the information material. The higher incentive conditions had modest and diminishing effects, suggesting that offering higher incentives is not cost‐effective. Stated reasons not to donate DNA concentrated on personal risks, e.g., privacy violations and data exploitation. Accordingly, stated risk willingness was found strongly associated, followed by trust and positive reciprocity. Revealed economic preferences were not associated. The results support previous findings for self‐rated health, interpersonal trust and confidence in science or societal institutions but not for certain demographic variables (e.g., age, education and religiosity). We conclude by proposing strategies to encourage participation, e.g., to reallocate resources to risk‐minimizing or compensatory measures. «On ne peut pas compenser les risques»: la volonté de donner de l'ADN à des fins scientifiques et son lien avec les préférences économiques. L'accumulation de grandes quantités de données génétiques est essentielle pour le progrès scientifique de la recherche génétique et de la médecine de précision, mais divers biais de participation menacent la validité des ensembles de données de recherche génétique. Afin de mieux comprendre la décision de participer et sa relation avec les incitations et les préférences économiques, nous avons étudié la volonté déclarée de donner de l'ADN à des fins scientifiques sous la forme d'un échantillon de salive chez un groupe représentatif de ménages néerlandais. Il y a eu deux traitements randomisés, variant (i) la documentation d'information sur les avantages et les risques et (ii) l'incitation financière prévue. Le premier traitement n'a pas eu d'effet détectable, ce qui suggère une insensibilité à la documentation d'information. On constate qu'il n'est pas rentable d'offrir des incitations élevées en raison de leurs effets modestes et décroissants. Les principales raisons invoquées pour ne pas faire de don d'ADN sont les risques personnels, comme les violations de la vie privée et l'exploitation des données. Par conséquent, on constate un lien fort entre le don d'ADN et la volonté déclarée de prendre des risques, suivie de la confiance et de la réciprocité positive. On n'a pas établi de lien avec les préférences économiques exprimées. Les résultats confirment les constatations précédentes concernant la santé autoévaluée, la confiance interpersonnelle et la foi en la science ou envers les institutions sociétales, mais pas pour certaines variables démographiques (comme l'âge, l'éducation et la religiosité). Nous concluons en proposant des stratégies pour encourager la participation, par exemple en réaffectant des ressources à des mesures de réduction des risques ou à des mesures compensatoires.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Karlsson Linnér & Manisha Jain, 2025. "“The risks cannot be compensated”: The willingness to donate DNA for science and its relationship with economic preferences," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(2), pages 515-547, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:58:y:2025:i:2:p:515-547
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70008
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