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Nota Técnica Distribución espacial de la pobreza en Chile

Author

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  • Claudio Agostini
  • Philip H. Brown
  • Diana Paola Góngora

Abstract

Chile ha sido particularmente exitoso en la reducción de la pobreza durante los últimos 20 años, disminuyendo el porcentaje de la población bajo la línea de pobreza de un 38,6% en 1990 a un 13,7% en 2006. Con tasas de pobreza más bajas el esfuerzo de focalización necesario para el diseño de políticas públicas que permitan reducir aún más o erradicar la pobreza es mucho mayor y se requiere información más desagregada a nivel geográfico. Los mapas de pobreza pueden cumplir este rol, ya que entregan una descripción detallada de la distribución espacial de la pobreza, lo cual permite adicionalmente estudiar las relaciones entre la pobreza urbana y rural, y algunas variables socioeconómicas o comportamientos sociales. Sin embargo, estos estudios se ven limitados por la falta de datos suficientemente detallados y desagregados respecto a la pobreza a nivel local. De manera específica, los datos disponibles en las encuestas de ingreso no son representativos a niveles geográficos muy desagregados y, los censos no tienen información sobre ingresos. En los últimos años ha habido avances importantes en el desarrollo de metodologías que permitan combinar datos de encuestas y de censos para obtener estimadores de pobreza robustos a niveles geográficos más desagregados. En este trabajo se utiliza este tipo de metodologías para producir estimadores consistentes de pobreza, tanto rural como urbana, a nivel comunal para Chile. Esto abre la posibilidad de investigar en el futuro los determinantes de la pobreza en el país y el rol que juega la pobreza local, ya que los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de un grado importante de variación en la pobreza entre comunas y entre la pobreza comunal urbana y rural.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Agostini & Philip H. Brown & Diana Paola Góngora, 2008. "Nota Técnica Distribución espacial de la pobreza en Chile," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 35(1 Year 20), pages 79-110, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:udc:esteco:v:35:y:2008:i:1:p:79-110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriel Demombynes & Chris Elbers & Jean O. Lanjouw & Peter Lanjouw & Johan A. Mistiaen & Berk Özler, 2002. "Producing an Improved Geographic Profile of Poverty: Methodology and Evidence from Three Developing Countries," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-39, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Chris Elbers & Jean O. Lanjouw & Peter Lanjouw, 2003. "Micro--Level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(1), pages 355-364, January.
    3. Claudio Agostini & Phillip Brown, 2007. "Desigualdad geográfica en Chile," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 22(1), pages 3-33, June.
    4. Georgina Pizzolitto, 2005. "Poverty and Inequality in Chile: Methodological Issues and a Literature Review," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0020, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    5. Baker, Judy L. & Grosh, Margaret E., 1994. "Poverty reduction through geographic targeting: How well does it work?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(7), pages 983-995, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Claudio A. Agostini & Philip H. Brown, 2011. "Cash Transfers And Poverty Reduction In Chile," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(3), pages 604-625, August.
    2. Ceballos, Adams & Dresdner-Cid, Jorge David & Quiroga-Suazo, Miguel Ángel, 2018. "Does the location of salmon farms contribute to the reduction of poverty in remote coastal areas? An impact assessment using a Chilean case study," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 68-79.
    3. Modrego, Félix & Berdegué, Julio A., 2015. "A Large-Scale Mapping of Territorial Development Dynamics in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 11-31.
    4. Correa Mautz, Felipe, 2016. "Pobreza, desigualdad y estructura productiva en ciudades: evidencia desde Chile usando datos de panel," Desarrollo Productivo 40842, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    5. Francisco Fernández & Roberto Ponce & Maria Blanco & Diego Rivera & Felipe Vásquez, 2016. "Water Variability and the Economic Impacts on Small-Scale Farmers. A Farm Risk-Based Integrated Modelling Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1357-1373, March.
    6. Jorge, Abner Campos & William, Foster, 2013. "Medición de la pobreza: consecuencias de compatibilizar ingresos de encuestas de hogares con cuentas nacionales," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(130), pages 53-94.
    7. Mónica Navarrete & Patricio Aroca & Jorge Bernal, 2017. "Matching espacial para georreferenciar datos de encuestas de hogar," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 44(1 Year 20), pages 53-80, June.
    8. Álvarez, Roberto & García-Marín, Álvaro & Ilabaca, Sebastián, 2021. "Commodity price shocks and poverty reduction in Chile," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pobreza locas; mapas de pobreza; Chile;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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