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Why do women still earn less than men? Decomposing the Dutch gender pay gap, 1996--2006

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  • Eva Fransen
  • Janneke Plantenga
  • Jan Dirk Vlasblom

Abstract

Despite major improvements in women's labour market attachment, women still earn considerably less than men. International research shows that the persistence of the gender pay gap may be due to the fact that although the gap in characteristics between men and women is diminishing, changes in the wage structure counteract this change. This article will study whether this ‘swimming upstream’ phenomenon is also playing a role in the rather slow convergence between male and female wages in the Netherlands. Our results indicate that this is not the case; most of the changes in the Dutch wage structure have been rather favourable to women. The lacking convergence in wages has to be explained from the fact that despite the favourable changes, the Dutch wage structure still contains a considerable implicit gender bias.

Suggested Citation

  • Eva Fransen & Janneke Plantenga & Jan Dirk Vlasblom, 2012. "Why do women still earn less than men? Decomposing the Dutch gender pay gap, 1996--2006," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(33), pages 4343-4354, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:44:y:2012:i:33:p:4343-4354
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2011.589818
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2006. "The U.S. Gender Pay Gap in the 1990S: Slowing Convergence," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 60(1), pages 45-66, October.
    2. Heinze, Anja, 2009. "Earnings of Men and Women in Firms with a Female Dominated Workforce: What Drives the Impact of Sex Segregation on Wages?," ZEW Discussion Papers 09-012, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    3. James Albrecht & Aico van Vuuren, 2004. "Gender Wage Gaps in the Netherlands with Sample Selection Adjustments," Econometric Society 2004 North American Winter Meetings 504, Econometric Society.
    4. Albrecht, James & van Vuuren, Aico & Vroman, Susan, 2004. "Decomposing the Gender Wage Gap in the Netherlands with Sample Selection Adjustments," IZA Discussion Papers 1400, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    3. Mari, Gabriele & Luijkx, Ruud, 2020. "Gender, Parenthood, and Hiring Intentions in Sex-Typical Jobs: A Survey Experiment," SocArXiv kwdyp, Center for Open Science.
    4. Anna Oksuzyan & Angela Carollo & Sven Drefahl & Carlo G. Camarda & Kaare Christensen & Alyson A. van Raalte, 2017. "Does the age difference between partners influence the career achievements of women?," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2017-008, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.

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