IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spt/admaec/v16y2026i1f16_1_5.html

An Analysis of Firm Relocation Characteristics and Driving Factors in Beijing

Author

Listed:
  • Shuangjie Li
  • Yuze Hao

Abstract

Firm relocation has become a critical mechanism for optimizing resource allocation and promoting regional economic transformation amid urban functional restructuring and coordinated regional development. Using Beijing firm relocation data from 2010 to 2024, this study examines firm relocation dynamics and determinants at both macro and micro levels. At the macro level, a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model incorporating firm out-migration, in-migration, and regional GDP is used to analyze their dynamic interactions. At the micro level, relocation data of Beijing-listed firms are analyzed using a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model to assess the effects of firm size, firm age, and industry characteristics on relocation frequency. Results show that firm relocation exhibits significant path dependence and self-reinforcing dynamics. Short-term out-migration releases spatial resources and facilitates new firm entry, while persistent out-migration may reduce long-term regional attractiveness. The economic effects on destination regions are stage-dependent, shifting from short-term adjustment costs to medium- and long-term growth benefits. Micro-level findings indicate that larger firms relocate more frequently, firm age shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with relocation, manufacturing firms move less often, and high-tech firms tend to remain location-stable. These findings provide empirical insights for understanding firm relocation behavior and inform policies for regional coordination and urban development. JEL classification numbers: R12, D22, L25.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuangjie Li & Yuze Hao, 2026. "An Analysis of Firm Relocation Characteristics and Driving Factors in Beijing," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 16(1), pages 1-5.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:admaec:v:16:y:2026:i:1:f:16_1_5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/AMAE%2fVol%2016_1_5.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dewit, Gerda & Görg, Holger & Temouri, Yama, 2019. "Employment Protection and Firm Relocation: Theory and Evidence," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 265098, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    2. Chen Chen & Sudipto Dasgupta & Thanh D. Huynh & Ying Xia, 2023. "Product Market Competition and Corporate Relocations: Evidence from the Supply Chain," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(9), pages 5147-5173, September.
    3. Gerda Dewit & Holger Görg & Yama Temouri, 2019. "Employment Protection and Firm Relocation: Theory and Evidence," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 86(344), pages 663-688, October.
    4. Jorge Guzman, 2024. "Go West Young Firm: The Impact of Startup Migration on the Performance of Migrants," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(7), pages 4824-4846, July.
    5. Sims, Christopher A, 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 1-48, January.
    6. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May.
    7. Weik, Stefan & Achleitner, Ann-Kristin & Braun, Reiner, 2024. "Venture capital and the international relocation of startups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(7).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lin, Boqiang & Okoye, Jude O., 2023. "Towards renewable energy generation and low greenhouse gas emission in high-income countries: Performance of financial development and governance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    2. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2009. "Energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 641-647, September.
    3. MAÏ ASSAN CHEDI, Maman, 2022. "Does Defence Expenditure Affect Education and Health expenditures in Saharan Africa?," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 10(4), September.
    4. Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "ICT Diffusion, Industrialisation and Economic Growth Nexus: an International Cross-country Analysis," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(3), pages 2030-2069, September.
    5. Boswijk, H. Peter & Franses, Philip Hans & van Dijk, Dick, 2010. "Cointegration in a historical perspective," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 158(1), pages 156-159, September.
    6. Marcin Humanicki & Krzysztof Olszewski, 2020. "The Heterogeneous Nature of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe. Impact of the Entry Mode on the Host Country’s Economic Growth," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 70(6), pages 541-565, December.
    7. Yinusa, D. Olalekan, 2009. "Macroeconomic Fluctuations and Deposit Dollarization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Data," MPRA Paper 16259, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2009.
    8. Shantanu Ghosh & Tarak Nath Sahu, 2023. "Targeting zero hunger to ensure sustainable development: Insights from a panel structure," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(4), pages 2814-2825, August.
    9. Jun Du & Oleksandr Shepotylo & Xiaocan Yuan, 2025. "How did the Brexit uncertainty impact services exports of UK firms?," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 80-104, March.
    10. Asdrubali, Pierfederico & Kim, Soyoung, 2009. "Consumption smoothing channels in open economies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2293-2300, December.
    11. Betty C. Daniel & Christos Shiamptanis, 2008. "Fiscal policy in the European Monetary Union," International Finance Discussion Papers 961, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    12. Charfeddine, Lanouar & Zaouali, Sana, 2022. "The effects of financial inclusion and the business environment in spurring the creation of early-stage firms and supporting established firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1-15.
    13. Ioannis Kostakis, 2020. "Is Tourism a Key Factor for Economic Growth? Fresh Evidence from South Europe Using Panel Cointegration and PVAR Analyses," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 6(2), pages 123-138, December.
    14. Mohd Afjal & Chinnadurai Kathiravan & Leo Paul Dana & Chitra Devi Nagarajan, 2023. "The Dynamic Impact of Financial Technology and Energy Consumption on Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    15. Sleibi, Yacoub & Casalin, Fabrizio & Fazio, Giorgio, 2020. "Bank-specific shocks and aggregate leverage: Empirical evidence from a panel of developed countries," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    16. Hailiang Chen & Prabuddha De & Yu Jeffrey Hu, 2015. "IT-Enabled Broadcasting in Social Media: An Empirical Study of Artists’ Activities and Music Sales," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 26(3), pages 513-531, September.
    17. Rasmus Wiese & Joåo Tovar Jalles & Jakob de Haan & João Tovar Jalles, 2024. "Labour Market Counter-Reforms in OECD Countries: Conditional Impact on Output and Employment Growth," CESifo Working Paper Series 11199, CESifo.
    18. Binh Thai Pham & Hector Sala, 2022. "Cross-country connectedness in inflation and unemployment: measurement and macroeconomic consequences," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1123-1146, March.
    19. Barabas, György & Kitlinski, Tobias & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schmidt, Torsten & Siemers, Lars-H. & Brilon, Werner, 2010. "Verkehrsinfrastrukturinvestitionen: Wachstumsaspekte im Rahmen einer gestaltenden Finanzpolitik. Endbericht - Januar 2010. Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums der Finanzen. Projektnummer: 27/08," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 72601.
    20. Guopei Fang & Holger Görg & Aoife Hanley & Haiou Mao, 2022. "Foreign Divestment – Crisis or Chance for China's Innovation Edge?," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 30(6), pages 1-33, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spt:admaec:v:16:y:2026:i:1:f:16_1_5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.scienpress.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.