IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/waterr/v37y2023i3d10.1007_s11269-022-03421-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pressure Regulation in a Water Distribution Network Using Pumps as Turbines at Variable Speed for Energy Recovery

Author

Listed:
  • Davi Edson Sales Souza

    (Federal University of Para)

  • André Luiz Amarante Mesquita

    (Federal University of Para)

  • Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco

    (Federal University of Pará)

Abstract

Pumps that function as turbines (PATs) are considered an economical solution to control pressure in water distribution networks (WDNs) in place of pressure control valves (PCVs). Their use requires a precise operational understanding of various hydraulic conditions in a WDN. Otherwise, the efficiency of the machine is reduced by the off-design operation, making it impossible to regulate the pressure and recovering little energy. This study presents a methodology that details the pressure regulation in a municipal network by controlling the PAT speed. The WDN sectorization steps are described using EPANET 2.0 software. The selection and off-design operation of the pump are presented with several models from the literature. The machines are simulated at constant and variable speeds to replace the valves. The economic advantages are also estimated. At constant speeds, operation as a PCV occurs only in the flow close to the best efficiency point (BEP), impairing the supply in the network. At variable speeds, the PAT maintains the best efficiencies (0.62 to 0.64) and power (3.44 kW) when flows are high and speeds are low (2,400 at 11 am and 3,000 rpm at 6 pm). Thus, the pump outlet pressure and network throughput are maintained according to the values required by the PCVs. With all the pumps in operation, the system can recover 270,192.19 kWh/year. The estimated payback period is 27 months, the net present value (NPV) is US$ 64,476.18, and the internal rate of return (IRR) is 63% for the analyzed PAT.

Suggested Citation

  • Davi Edson Sales Souza & André Luiz Amarante Mesquita & Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco, 2023. "Pressure Regulation in a Water Distribution Network Using Pumps as Turbines at Variable Speed for Energy Recovery," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(3), pages 1183-1206, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:37:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11269-022-03421-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03421-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11269-022-03421-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11269-022-03421-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mehdi Dini & Mozhdeh Hemmati & Saeed Hashemi, 2022. "Optimal Operational Scheduling of Pumps to Improve the Performance of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(1), pages 417-432, January.
    2. Modesto Pérez-Sánchez & P. Amparo López-Jiménez & Helena M. Ramos, 2018. "Modified Affinity Laws in Hydraulic Machines towards the Best Efficiency Line," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(3), pages 829-844, February.
    3. Irene Samora & Mário J. Franca & Anton J. Schleiss & Helena M. Ramos, 2016. "Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1533-1547, March.
    4. Carmine Covelli & Luca Cozzolino & Luigi Cimorelli & Renata Della Morte & Domenico Pianese, 2016. "Optimal Location and Setting of PRVs in WDS for Leakage Minimization," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1803-1817, March.
    5. Nautiyal, Himanshu & Varun & Kumar, Anoop, 2010. "Reverse running pumps analytical, experimental and computational study: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 2059-2067, September.
    6. Carmine Covelli & Luca Cozzolino & Luigi Cimorelli & Renata Della Morte & Domenico Pianese, 2016. "Optimal Location and Setting of PRVs in WDS for Leakage Minimization," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(5), pages 1803-1817, March.
    7. Irene Samora & Mário Franca & Anton Schleiss & Helena Ramos, 2016. "Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1533-1547, March.
    8. Tahani, Mojtaba & Kandi, Ali & Moghimi, Mahdi & Houreh, Shahram Derakhshan, 2020. "Rotational speed variation assessment of centrifugal pump-as-turbine as an energy utilization device under water distribution network condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    9. M. Fayzul K. Pasha & Matthew Weathers & Brennan Smith, 2020. "Investigating Energy Flow in Water-Energy Storage for Hydropower Generation in Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(5), pages 1609-1622, March.
    10. Dini Mehdi & Asadi Asghar, 2019. "Pressure Management of Large-Scale Water Distribution Network Using Optimal Location and Valve Setting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(14), pages 4701-4713, November.
    11. Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi & Massimiliano Renzi & Maurizio Righetti & Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo & Mosè Rossi, 2019. "Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    12. Ana Paula Pereira Silveira & Herlander Mata-Lima, 2021. "Assessing Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities Using Long-term Data Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(9), pages 2763-2779, July.
    13. Armando Carravetta & Giuseppe Del Giudice & Oreste Fecarotta & Helena M. Ramos, 2013. "PAT Design Strategy for Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks by Electrical Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-14, January.
    14. Mouna Doghri & Sophie Duchesne & Annie Poulin & Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, 2020. "Comparative Study of Pressure Control Modes Impact on Water Distribution System Performance," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(1), pages 231-244, January.
    15. Qiang Xu & Qiuwen Chen & Jinfeng Ma & Koen Blanckaert & Zhonghua Wan, 2014. "Water Saving and Energy Reduction through Pressure Management in Urban Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3715-3726, September.
    16. Delgado, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Covas, D.I.C. & Avellan, F., 2019. "Variable speed operation of centrifugal pumps running as turbines. Experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 437-450.
    17. Yang, Sun-Sheng & Derakhshan, Shahram & Kong, Fan-Yu, 2012. "Theoretical, numerical and experimental prediction of pump as turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 507-513.
    18. Pugliese, Francesco & De Paola, Francesco & Fontana, Nicola & Giugni, Maurizio & Marini, Gustavo, 2016. "Experimental characterization of two Pumps As Turbines for hydropower generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 180-187.
    19. Morabito, Alessandro & Hendrick, Patrick, 2019. "Pump as turbine applied to micro energy storage and smart water grids: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 567-579.
    20. Stefanizzi, Michele & Capurso, Tommaso & Balacco, Gabriella & Binetti, Mario & Camporeale, Sergio Mario & Torresi, Marco, 2020. "Selection, control and techno-economic feasibility of Pumps as Turbines in Water Distribution Networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1292-1306.
    21. M. Fayzul K. Pasha & Matthew Weathers & Brennan Smith, 2020. "Correction to: Investigating Energy Flow in Water-Energy Storage for Hydropower Generation in Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(5), pages 1623-1623, March.
    22. Armando Carravetta & Giuseppe Del Giudice & Oreste Fecarotta & Helena Ramos, 2012. "Energy Production in Water Distribution Networks: A PAT Design Strategy," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(13), pages 3947-3959, October.
    23. Oreste Fecarotta & Aonghus McNabola, 2017. "Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(15), pages 5043-5059, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stefanizzi, M. & Filannino, D. & Capurso, T. & Camporeale, S.M. & Torresi, M., 2023. "Optimal hydraulic energy harvesting strategy for PaT installation in Water Distribution Networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    2. Thomas Pirard & Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Sebastien Erpicum & Michel Pirotton & Pierre Archambeau & Benjamin Dewals, 2022. "Discharge Redistribution as a Key Process for Heuristic Optimization of Energy Production with Pumps as Turbines in a Water Distribution Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(4), pages 1237-1250, March.
    3. Gabriella Balacco & Mario Binetti & Leonardo Caggiani & Michele Ottomanelli, 2021. "A Novel Distributed System of e-Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Pumps as Turbine to Support Sustainable Micromobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Pugliese, Francesco & Fontana, Nicola & Marini, Gustavo & Giugni, Maurizio, 2021. "Experimental assessment of the impact of number of stages on vertical axis multi-stage centrifugal PATs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 891-903.
    5. Carravetta, A. & Fecarotta, O. & Ramos, H.M., 2018. "A new low-cost installation scheme of PATs for pico-hydropower to recover energy in residential areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 1003-1014.
    6. Kandi, Ali & Moghimi, Mahdi & Tahani, Mojtaba & Derakhshan, Shahram, 2021. "Optimization of pump selection for running as turbine and performance analysis within the regulation schemes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Frank A Plua & Francisco-Javier Sánchez-Romero & Victor Hidalgo & P. Amparo López-Jiménez & Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, 2021. "New Expressions to Apply the Variation Operation Strategy in Engineering Tools Using Pumps Working as Turbines," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Maxime Binama & Kan Kan & Hui-Xiang Chen & Yuan Zheng & Da-Qing Zhou & Wen-Tao Su & Xin-Feng Ge & Janvier Ndayizigiye, 2021. "A Numerical Investigation into the PAT Hydrodynamic Response to Impeller Rotational Speed Variation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-22, July.
    9. Pérez-Sánchez, Modesto & Sánchez-Romero, Francisco Javier & López-Jiménez, P. Amparo & Ramos, Helena M., 2018. "PATs selection towards sustainability in irrigation networks: Simulated annealing as a water management tool," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 234-249.
    10. Stefanizzi, Michele & Capurso, Tommaso & Balacco, Gabriella & Binetti, Mario & Camporeale, Sergio Mario & Torresi, Marco, 2020. "Selection, control and techno-economic feasibility of Pumps as Turbines in Water Distribution Networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1292-1306.
    11. Balacco, Gabriella & Fiorese, Gaetano Daniele & Alfio, Maria Rosaria & Totaro, Vincenzo & Binetti, Mario & Torresi, Marco & Stefanizzi, Michele, 2023. "PaT-ID: A tool for the selection of the optimal pump as turbine for a water distribution network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Le Marre, Maël & Mandin, Philippe & Lanoisellé, Jean-Louis & Zilliox, Erik & Rammal, Farah & Kim, Myeongsub (Mike) & Inguanta, Rosalinda, 2022. "Pumps as turbines regulation study through a decision-support algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 561-570.
    13. Kandi, Ali & Meirelles, Gustavo & Brentan, Bruno, 2022. "Employing demand prediction in pump as turbine plant design regarding energy recovery enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 223-236.
    14. Hamlehdar, Maryam & Yousefi, Hossein & Noorollahi, Younes & Mohammadi, Mohammad, 2022. "Energy recovery from water distribution networks using micro hydropower: A case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    15. Morabito, Alessandro & Vagnoni, Elena & Di Matteo, Mariano & Hendrick, Patrick, 2021. "Numerical investigation on the volute cutwater for pumps running in turbine mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 807-824.
    16. Venturini, Mauro & Manservigi, Lucrezia & Alvisi, Stefano & Simani, Silvio, 2018. "Development of a physics-based model to predict the performance of pumps as turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 343-354.
    17. Tahani, Mojtaba & Kandi, Ali & Moghimi, Mahdi & Houreh, Shahram Derakhshan, 2020. "Rotational speed variation assessment of centrifugal pump-as-turbine as an energy utilization device under water distribution network condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    18. Lydon, Tracey & Coughlan, Paul & McNabola, Aonghus, 2017. "Pressure management and energy recovery in water distribution networks: Development of design and selection methodologies using three pump-as-turbine case studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1038-1050.
    19. Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan & Saremian, Salman, 2022. "Effects of impeller geometry modification on performance of pump as turbine in the urban water distribution network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    20. Longyan Wang & Stephen Ntiri Asomani & Jianping Yuan & Desmond Appiah, 2020. "Geometrical Optimization of Pump-As-Turbine (PAT) Impellers for Enhancing Energy Efficiency with 1-D Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-30, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:37:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11269-022-03421-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.