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Water Allocation as a Planning Tool to Minimise Water Use Conflicts in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North Basin, Kenya

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  • Jeniffer Mutiga
  • Shadrack Mavengano
  • Su Zhongbo
  • Tsehaie Woldai
  • Robert Becht

Abstract

Inadequate water resources management and a general decline in rainfall have aggravated water scarcity problems in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North Basin in Kenya. Furthermore, water use conflicts in the basin have escalated in recent decades due to increased competition for available water resources. Excessive abstraction of the declining river water mainly for irrigation in the Mount Kenya and Nyandarua foot zones often leads to reduced water flow during the dry seasons, greatly affecting downstream water users. Increased water use in the basin coupled with deterioration of the vegetative cover has resulted in reduced water flows in the Ewaso Ng’iro river and its major tributaries. In addition, lack of sufficient knowledge about available water resources and current lack of coordination in water resources management in the basin often result in water deficits which have hampered development in the downstream catchment. The goal of this study was to match the water requirements of various competing sectors in the basin with the available water resources in order to attain both economic and ecological sustainability. To achieve this, GIS techniques were used to quantify the spatial and temporal stream flow. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was applied to evaluate water resources development based on an equilibrium scenario of the current water demand. Water use was simulated for five different sectors (domestic, livestock, wildlife, irrigation and reserve). The analyses revealed that high water demand for irrigation was the main cause of excessive water abstraction particularly in the upstream catchments, giving rise to water shortages and consequently, water use conflicts downstream. The study, therefore, recommends that rainwater harvesting be promoted in the basin in order to improve water availability for productive use. Copyright The Author(s) 2010

Suggested Citation

  • Jeniffer Mutiga & Shadrack Mavengano & Su Zhongbo & Tsehaie Woldai & Robert Becht, 2010. "Water Allocation as a Planning Tool to Minimise Water Use Conflicts in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North Basin, Kenya," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(14), pages 3939-3959, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:24:y:2010:i:14:p:3939-3959
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-010-9641-9
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    2. Mngereza Miraji & Xi Li & Jie Liu & Chunmiao Zheng, 2019. "Evaluation of Water and Energy Nexus in Wami Ruvu River Basin, Tanzania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, June.
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    4. Ali Sardar Shahraki & Javad Shahraki & Seyed Arman Hashemi Monfared, 2021. "An integrated model for economic assessment of environmental scenarios for dust stabilization and sustainable flora–fauna ecosystem in international Hamoun wetland," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 947-967, January.
    5. Kirsten Harma & Mark Johnson & Stewart Cohen, 2012. "Future Water Supply and Demand in the Okanagan Basin, British Columbia: A Scenario-Based Analysis of Multiple, Interacting Stressors," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(3), pages 667-689, February.
    6. Getnet, Mezegebu & Hengsdijk, Huib & van Ittersum, Martin, 2014. "Disentangling the impacts of climate change, land use change and irrigation on the Central Rift Valley water system of Ethiopia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 104-115.
    7. Behnam Sadeghi & Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani & Mostafa Mardani & Saman Ziaee & Hamid Mohammadi, 2023. "Systemic Management of Water Resources with Environmental and Climate Change Considerations," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(6), pages 2543-2574, May.
    8. Caroline King-Okumu, 2018. "Valuing Environmental Benefit Streams in the Dryland Ecosystems of Sub-Saharan Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, November.
    9. Ligia de Oliveira Serrano & Rayssa Balieiro Ribeiro & Alisson Carraro Borges & Fernando Falco Pruski, 2020. "Low-Flow Seasonality and Effects on Water Availability throughout the River Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(4), pages 1289-1304, March.
    10. José Andrade & Paulo Barbosa & Luiz Souza & Daniel Makino, 2011. "Interbasin Water Transfers: The Brazilian Experience and International Case Comparisons," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(8), pages 1915-1934, June.

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