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Who are the In-Work Poor? A Study of the Profile and Income Mobility Among the In-Work Poor in Sweden from 1987 to 2016

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  • Lovisa Broström

    (University of Gothenburg)

  • Birgitta Jansson

    (University of Gothenburg)

Abstract

We studied the development, profile, and income mobility among individuals in in-work poverty in Sweden over a period of 30 years using data covering the entire population on a yearly basis from 1987 to 2016. By introducing a more solid work requirement that stretches over more time than the frequently used ‘seven-month rule’, we make sure that the in-work poor person in our study is mainly working. Our results show that the profile has changed: in 1987, the typical in-work poor person was a native-born single woman, but in 2016, they were a married man born outside of Sweden. When modelling income mobility over two 5-year periods, our results show that changes in household composition explain both upward and downward mobility and that it has become harder to change income position. Interpreting the results on a structural level, two conclusions can be drawn. As in-work poverty is no longer female-dominated, the Swedish policy for gender equality has been successful. As it is now closely connected with immigration status, the integration of immigrants into the labour market must improve.

Suggested Citation

  • Lovisa Broström & Birgitta Jansson, 2023. "Who are the In-Work Poor? A Study of the Profile and Income Mobility Among the In-Work Poor in Sweden from 1987 to 2016," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 165(2), pages 495-517, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:165:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-022-03025-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-03025-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Åslund, Olof & Forslund, Anders & Liljeberg, Linus, 2017. "Labour market entry of non-Labour migrants – Swedish evidence," Working Paper Series 2017:15, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
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    4. Birgitta Jansson & Lovisa Broström, 2020. "Who is counted as in-work poor? Testing five different definitions when measuring in-work poverty in Sweden 1987–2017," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 48(3), pages 477-491, December.
    5. Hans-Jürgen Andreß & Henning Lohmann (ed.), 2008. "The Working Poor in Europe," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13060.
    6. Jenkins, Stephen P., 2011. "Changing Fortunes: Income Mobility and Poverty Dynamics in Britain," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199226436.
    7. Clark, Ken & Kanellopoulos, Nikolaos C., 2013. "Low pay persistence in Europe," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 122-134.
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